Petroleum Act

Cap. 308

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Petroleum Act

Citation

Cap. 308

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PETROLEUM ACT

CAP. 308

Published in Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXI—No. 37 on 29 March 2019
Assented to on 12 March 2019
Commenced on 28 March 2019

[Revised by 24th Annual Supplement (Legal Notice 221 of 2023) on 31 December 2022]

An Act of Parliament to provide a framework for the contracting, exploration, development and production of petroleum; cessation of upstream petroleum operations; to give effect to relevant articles of the Constitution in so far as they apply to upstream petroleum operations, regulation of midstream and downstream petroleum operations; and for connected purposes

Part I – PRELIMINARY

1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the Petroleum Act.

2. Interpretation

In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—"adulterated petroleum" means any mixed refined petroleum products that alter product specifications detailed in the applicable Kenya Standards;"Advisory Committee” means the National Upstream Petroleum Advisory Committee established under section 12 of this Act;"agent" means a person appointed in writing by the Authority to perform any of its functions;"associated natural gas" means—

(a)any natural gas dissolved in crude oil under reservoir conditions; and

(b)any residue gas remaining after the extraction of crude oil from a reservoir;

"Authority" means the Energy Regulatory Commission established under section 4 of the Energy Act (Cap. 314);"best petroleum industry practices" means such practices, methods, standards and procedures generally accepted and followed internationally by prudent, diligent, skilled and experienced operator in upstream petroleum operations, including practices, methods, standards and procedures intended to—

(a)conserve petroleum by maximizing recovery of petroleum in a technically and economically sustainable manner;

(b)promote operational safety and prevention of accidents; and

(c)protect the environment by minimizing the impact of upstream petroleum operations;

"block" means acreage as defined by specific geographic coordinates for purposes of upstream petroleum operations as provided by section 15 of this Act;"brine" means all saline geological formation water resulting from, obtained from, or produced in connection with exploration, drilling, well simulation, production of oil or gas, or plugging of a well;"building" has the meaning assigned to it under the relevant written law;"Cabinet Secretary" means the Cabinet Secretary for the time being responsible for petroleum;"civil fine" means a financial penalty imposed by a government agency as restitution for a wrong doing and not considered to be a criminal punishment;"commercial field" means a geological structure or feature which hosts one or more reservoirs from which petroleum production may be commercially undertaken through a defined set of facilities;"common user facility" means petroleum infrastructure owned and maintained by any person which may be used by third parties;"community land" has the meaning assigned to it under Article 63 of the Constitution;"compulsory acquisition" has the same meaning as assigned to it under the Land Act (Cap. 280);"conservation of petroleum resources" means prevention and minimization of wastage of petroleum, protection of correlative rights and maximization of ultimate economic recovery;"consumer" means any person who is supplied or entitled to be supplied with petroleum;"contract area" means a block in respect of which a contractor has entered into a petroleum agreement with the Government to conduct upstream petroleum operations;"contractor" means the person with whom the national government concludes a petroleum agreement;"county government” has the meaning assigned to it in Article 176 of the Constitution;"crude oil" means—

(a)all hydrocarbons regardless of gravity which are produced at the wellhead in liquid state at atmospheric conditions of temperature and pressure; and

(b)the liquid hydrocarbons known as distillate or condensate or natural gas liquids obtained from natural gas by condensation or extraction;

"danger" means risk to the environment, health, life, person or property of anyone from shock, fire or otherwise arising from the exploration, production, importation, exportation, transportation, refining, storage and sale of petroleum;"delivery point" means the point at which petroleum passes through the intake valve of the pipeline, vessel, vehicle or craft at a terminal, refinery or processing plant in Kenya; or such point as may be agreed by the Government and the contractor, with such other point to be specified in the petroleum agreement;"decommissioning" means abandonment, recovery, removal and disposal, or if applicable re-deployment, of wells, flow lines, pipelines, facilities, infrastructure and assets related to upstream petroleum operations;"development” means the planning, placement, construction and installation of facilities needed for production of petroleum;"development area” means area delimited in a development plan and adopted in accordance with petroleum agreement;"downstream petroleum operations" means all or any of the operations related to distribution of petroleum to residential, industrial, power generation and other end users;"Exclusive Economic Zone" has the meaning assigned to it in the Maritime Zones Act (Cap. 371);"exploration" means the set of operations carried out in onshore or offshore blocks for data acquisition using geological, geochemical, geophysical exploration and appraisal wells or any other method with a view to locating petroleum deposits;"facility" includes—

(a)any structure, device, roads, or other associated installations or infrastructure including pipelines, rail stations, pump stations, compressor stations and equipment constructed, placed or used in order to carry out upstream petroleum operations;

(b)vessel, vehicle or craft when stationary and used for drilling or support of on-going upstream petroleum operations; and

(c)vessel, vehicle or craft for transportation of petroleum in bulk when connected to a facility for loading of petroleum;

"factory” has the meaning assigned to it under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (Cap. 236A);"field" means the geological structure or feature which hosts one or more reservoirs from which petroleum production may be commercially undertaken through a defined set of facilities;"gas" means methane, ethane, propane, butane or hydrocarbons which may consist of one or more of any of those gases, either in the form of gas or liquid;"Kenya Standard" means a specification or code of practice declared by the Council under the Standards Act (Cap. 496);"licence" means any document or instrument in writing granted under this Act, to any person authorizing the importation, exportation, refining, storage and sale of petroleum;"licensee" means a holder of any licence issued under this Act;"licensing authority” means any person or body, including the Authority, with powers to grant, revoke or suspend a licence under this Act;"liquefied petroleum gas" means commercial propane, commercial butane, commercial pentane and mixture thereof as specified in the relevant Kenya standard;"local community” means a people living in a sub-county within which a petroleum resource under this Act is situated and are affected by the exploitation of that petroleum resource;"local content" means the added value brought to the Kenyan economy from petroleum related activities through systematic development of national capacity and capabilities and investment in developing and procuring locally available work force, services and supplies, for the sharing of accruing benefits;"meter" means any and every kind of machine, device or instrument used for the measurement of the volumes and rates of production of petroleum;"midstream petroleum operations" means all or any of the operations related to petroleum transportation, storage, refining operations, or natural gas processing operations that are related to multiple development areas including operations for the liquefaction of natural gas;"minimum operational stocks" means the amounts of petroleum prescribed by the Cabinet Secretary on the recommendation of the Authority under section 93;"Ministry” means the Ministry for the time being responsible for petroleum in Kenya;"natural gas" means hydrocarbons that are in a gaseous phase at atmospheric conditions of temperature and pressure, including wet mineral gas, dry mineral gas, casing head gas and residue gas remaining after the extraction or separation of liquid hydrocarbons from wet gas, and non-hydrocarbon gas produced in association with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons;"non-associated natural gas" means any natural gas that is not associated natural gas;"non-exclusive exploration permit” means a prospecting permit that gives the holder the right to conduct reconnaissance and general investigations of an area which includes acquisition of geological, geochemical and geophysical data and may allow drilling to a prescribed depth by the Authority and shall not confer upon the grantee any right to drill any well for production of petroleum;"open access" means the non-discriminatory provision for the use of common user petroleum logistics facility by any licensee or consumer;"open tendering system” means the mode of procurement of petroleum products in Kenya whereby the lowest bidder on any given product is allowed to import on behalf of all the other oil marketing companies;"operator” means the designated entity that is responsible for managing the day to day operation of oil and gas exploration, development and production;"operational permit" means any permit for purposes of petroleum exploration, drilling, development and production;"Outer Continental Shelf" means the outer continental shelf as defined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or all submerged lands seaward and outside the area of lands beneath navigable waters;"permit" means an authorisation granted to a person to enable the carrying out of any activity in the upstream petroleum operations in accordance with this Act but shall exclude the petroleum agreement;"person" means any natural or juridical person;"petroleum" means all hydrocarbons and includes crude oil and natural gas, whether capable of being produced from conventional and unconventional reservoirs, including shale oil, oil shale, shale gas, coal bed methane gas, tar sands, and other sources of hydrocarbon reserves;"petroleum agreement" means any agreement, license, contract or other arrangement between the Government and a contractor to conduct upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the provisions of this Act;"petroleum business” means a concern carrying on the importation, exportation, refining, storage, transportation, supply or sale of petroleum;"petroleum institutions" means entities established under Part III of this Act to provide structured and efficient systems to define functions and provide oversight in the operations and management of the upstream petroleum industry;"pipeline" means a pipe or system of pipes that is used or to be used for the transportation of petroleum and any apparatus and works associated therewith, including—

(a)apparatus for inducing or facilitating the flow of petroleum through the pipe or system of pipes;

(b)valves, valve chambers, manholes, inspection pits and similar works, being works annexed to, or incorporated in the course of the pipe or system of pipes;

(c)apparatus for supplying energy for the operation of any such apparatus as is mentioned in paragraph (a) or of such works as are mentioned in paragraph (b);

(d)apparatus for the transmission of information for the operation of the pipe or system of pipes;

(e)apparatus for affording cathodic protection to the pipe or system of pipes; or

(f)a structure for the exclusive support of a part of the pipe or system of pipes;

"pollution" means any direct or indirect alteration of the physical, thermal, chemical, biological or radioactive properties of any part of the environment by discharging, emitting or depositing wastes or emitting noise so as to affect any beneficial use adversely, to cause a condition which is hazardous or potentially hazardous to public health, safety or welfare or to animals, birds, wildlife, fish or aquatic life, land, property and water sources or to plants or to cause a contravention of any condition, limitation or restriction which is subject to a license under this Act;"private land" has the meaning assigned to it under Article 64 of the Constitution;"production sharing contract” means a petroleum agreement entered between the Government and the contractor, which enables the contractor to explore, develop and produce petroleum within a contract area;"public land" has the meaning assigned to it under Article 62 of the Constitution;"refine" means to process petroleum crude in a refinery in order to yield petroleum products;"refined petroleum products” means the products yielded from the refining of petroleum;"refinery” means a distillation plant for refining of petroleum crude to yield petroleum products;"retail dispensing site" means premises where petroleum is stored in bulk in one or more tanks and dispensed to consumers for their own use and includes filling and service stations;"retail" means—

(a)selling or offering to sell petroleum to a consumer;

(b)acting as agent or broker for a retailer with respect to the sale or offering for sale of petroleum; or

(c)acting or offering to act as an agent or broker for a consumer with respect to the sale or offering for sale of petroleum;

"retail supply licence" means any document or instrument authorizing a person to supply petroleum in the manner described in such document or instrument to any premises and such licence shall also entitle the licensee to receive a bulk supply from another licensee;"social impact assessment” means a method of analysing the impacts of a proposed activity, project or plan on the social aspects of the environment which include, without limitation, the way—

(a)people cope with life through their economy, social systems, and cultural values;

(b)people use the natural environment, for subsistence, recreation, spiritual activities and cultural activities;

(c)people use the built environment for shelter, making livelihoods, industry, worship, recreation and gathering together;

(d)communities are organised and held together by their social and cultural institutions and beliefs; and

(e)of life that communities value as expressions of their identity;

"specification” has the meaning assigned to it in the Standards Act;"storage depot" means premises consisting one or more tanks for storing petroleum;"strategic environmental assessment" means a formal and systematic process to analyse and address the environmental effect of policies, plans and programmes and other strategic initiatives;"strategic stocks" means petroleum kept for purposes of ensuring security of supply;"street" includes any way, road, lane, square, court, alley, passage, whether a thoroughfare or not, over which the public have a right of way, and also the roadway and footway over any public bridge, or causeway;"tariff” means a set of prices, rates, charges, and any cost associated with capacity, supply and delivery of upstream petroleum and may include any adjustments, as approved by the Authority;"third party access" means the non-discriminatory provision for the use of common user petroleum logistics facility by any contractor;"Tribunal" means the Energy and Petroleum Tribunal established under the Energy Act (Cap. 314);"undertaking" means any business undertaken pursuant to a licence or a permit and includes all the assets and liabilities from time to time constituting or belonging or appertaining to such business, whether public or private, for the importation, exportation, refining, transportation, storage or supply of petroleum but does not include an undertaking which the Authority in consultation with the Cabinet Secretary, by statutory instrument, declares not to constitute an undertaking for the purposes of this Act;"unitization agreement" means an agreement between contractors, who hold separate petroleum agreements on blocks that are adjacent or contiguous to each other for purposes of joint development or production of petroleum from a field straddling two or more different contract areas;"upstream petroleum operations” means all or any of the operations related to the exploration, development, production, separation and treatment, storage and transportation of petroleum up to the agreed delivery point;"vandalise" means to commit any wilful, negligent, reckless or malicious act which destroys or damages upstream petroleum infrastructure;"venting" means controlled release of gaseous hydrocarbons or any other gases from the petroleum operation into the atmosphere;"waste" includes any matter prescribed to be waste and any matter whether liquid, solid, gaseous or radioactive which is discharged, emitted or released to the environment in such a volume, composition or manner as to cause an alteration of the environment; and"works" means pipelines, machinery, lands, buildings, structures, earth works and water works, and includes any apparatus or things of whatsoever description, required for the importation, exportation, storage, refining, transportation, dispensing and supply of petroleum.

3. Scope of the Act

This Act shall apply to all upstream, midstream and downstream petroleum operations being carried out in Kenya.

4. Act to prevail

(1)Where there is a conflict between this Act and any other Act regarding upstream, midstream and downstream petroleum operations, this Act shall prevail.

(2)For the avoidance of doubt, a provision of any Act that provides for a person or body to grant or deny any permission for any work shall not be construed as granting that person or body any power in relation to upstream petroleum operations.

Part II – NATIONAL PETROLEUM POLICY AND PLAN

5. National petroleum policy

(1)The Cabinet Secretary shall develop and publish a national policy on petroleum operations which shall be reviewed at least once in every five years.

(2)The Cabinet Secretary shall ensure that relevant stakeholders participate effectively in the making of the national policy on petroleum operations.

(3)Within three months after the end of each financial year, the Cabinet Secretary shall prepare and publish on its website and in at least two newspapers of national circulation a report on the implementation of the national petroleum policy.

6. National petroleum strategic plan

(1)The Cabinet Secretary shall develop, publish and review a national petroleum strategic plan.

(2)The petroleum strategic plan shall take into account the national petroleum policy and serve as a guide for the implementation of the national policy on petroleum operations.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary shall prescribe Regulations in relation to the content and timelines for the preparation of the petroleum strategic plan.

7. Monitoring implementation of national petroleum strategic plan

Within three months after the end of each financial year, the Cabinet Secretary shall prepare and publish a report on the implementation of the national petroleum strategic plan.

8. Conduct of petroleum operations

(1)No person shall engage in any petroleum operations in Kenya without having previously obtained the approval of the Cabinet Secretary or Authority in such manner, in such form and on such terms as are prescribed by this Act.

(2)Any upstream petroleum operations shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the terms and conditions of a petroleum agreement.

(3)The national government may conduct upstream petroleum operations either—

(a)on its own through the national oil company;

(b)through contractors in accordance with petroleum agreements; or

(c)as may be prescribed by this Act or any other written law.

(4)Subject to this Act, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a petroleum agreement, the national government may authorize a contractor to engage in upstream petroleum operations within a specified area.

(5)Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, the national government may grant to any person, other than the contractor, a permit for the prospecting and mining of minerals or other natural resources other than petroleum or the conduct of operations other than upstream petroleum operations within an area covered by a petroleum agreement:Provided that the prospecting, mining or other operations shall not interfere with upstream petroleum operations.

(6)The national government may participate in any phase of upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the terms and conditions of a participation agreement entered into between the national government and the contractor.

9. Promotion of petroleum investments

(1)The national government shall create a conducive environment for investments in petroleum operations and infrastructure development, including formulation of guidelines in collaboration with relevant national government agencies on development of petroleum investments and to disseminate them among potential investors.

(2)The national government shall ensure that petroleum operations and infrastructure development are carried out for the benefit of the people of Kenya.

(3)In its effort to promote petroleum operations and investments, the national government shall facilitate access to land for exploration activities in accordance with the Constitution and any other written law.

Part III – PETROLEUM INSTITUTIONS

10. Functions of the Cabinet Secretary

(1)The Cabinet Secretary—

(a)shall review an application made under this Act for a license or permit before entering into negotiations with an applicant in relation to a petroleum agreement and, where necessary and on the recommendation of the Advisory Committee, reject an application made under this Act in the national interest;

(b)shall upon the recommendation of the Advisory Committee, negotiate, enter into or revoke a petroleum agreement or appoint an authorized representative to enter into or revoke a petroleum agreement in accordance with this Act and a petroleum agreement;

(c)shall generally oversee upstream petroleum operations carried out under the terms and conditions of a petroleum agreement;

(d)shall develop, publish and review national policies and strategic plans in relation to upstream petroleum operations;

(e)shall, upon the recommendation of the Authority approve any proposed exploration activity by a contractor in accordance with the contractor's annual work programme, appraisal programme and production forecasts submitted;

(f)shall, upon the recommendation of the Authority approve budgets submitted by a contractor;

(g)shall, upon recommendation of the Advisory Committee and the Authority, suspend, revoke or terminate a petroleum agreement or recall the security contained in a petroleum agreement on behalf of the national government in accordance with this Act, and a petroleum agreement;

(h)shall, upon the recommendation of the Authority, approve the transfer or assignment of any interest in a petroleum agreement in accordance with this Act and the petroleum agreement;

(i)may take any action or decision, or give any permission or consent or exercise any other control as may be necessary or desirable in accordance with this Act and a petroleum agreement;

(j)shall approve field development plans upon the recommendation of the Authority;

(k)shall conduct bidding rounds and direct negotiations before entering into a petroleum agreement with a contractor in accordance with this Act;

(l)may, by order in writing and upon the recommendation by the Authority, order the cessation of any upstream petroleum operations where there has been a breach of any provision of this Act; and

(m)may on the recommendation of the Authority, order in writing—

(i)the cessation of any operations and withdrawal of all persons from any structure or building that is considered unsafe which is being used in connection to upstream petroleum operations; or

(ii)the discontinuance of use of any machinery or equipment which is considered unsafe, until such action as is necessary for safety and specified in the instrument is fully implemented; and

(iii)may make any examinations and inquiries as are necessary to ensure that the provisions of this Act and any directions issued or conditions or orders imposed under this Act, are complied with.

(2)Where the Cabinet Secretary rejects the recommendations of the Authority under this section, the Cabinet Secretary shall provide the Authority the reasons of such refusal in writing, within fourteen days.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary or his authorized representative may engage a person who has relevant expertise to assist in any matter of inspection, testing or examination.

(4)A person who is an occupier of or is in charge of any building, structure, place, vehicle, vessel, aircraft, machinery or equipment shall provide the Cabinet Secretary or his authorized representative with all reasonable facilities and assistance to carry out his or her duties under this Act.

(5)Any person who—

(a)without reasonable excuse, obstructs or hinders the Cabinet Secretary or an authorized officer in the exercise of the Cabinet Secretary's powers under this section; or

(b)knowingly or recklessly makes a statement or produces a document that is false or misleading in a material particular to the Cabinet Secretary or an authorized officer engaged in carrying out his duties and functions under this Act,

commits an offence and shall on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty million shillings or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.

11. Directions by the Cabinet Secretary

(1)Where a contractor has failed to perform an act or do anything as may be provided for in a petroleum agreement, the Cabinet Secretary may, by notice in writing to a contractor, direct the contractor, consistent with best petroleum industry practices, as to any matter with respect to which regulations may be made under section 127.

(2)Where a contractor fails or neglects to comply with the direction of the Cabinet Secretary in accordance with this section, the Cabinet Secretary may cause to be done all or any of the things required by the direction to be done, and the costs and expenses incurred in doing those things shall be a civil debt due to the National Government from the contractor.

12. Establishment of the National Upstream Petroleum Advisory Committee

(1)There is established a committee to be known as the National Upstream Petroleum Advisory Committee.

(2)The Advisory Committee shall consist of—

(a)the Principal Secretary or an authorized representative in the Ministry responsible for petroleum, who shall be the Chairperson;

(b)the person in charge of petroleum at the ministry responsible for petroleum or an authorized representative;

(c)the Chief Executive or an authorized representative of the National Oil Corporation;

(d)the Attorney-General or an authorized representative;

(e)the Principal Secretary of the National Treasury or an authorized representative;

(f)the Director-General of the National Environment Management Authority or an authorized representative;

(g)the Commissioner-General of the Kenya Revenue Authority or an authorized representative;

(h)the Director-General of the Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority or an authorized representative; and

(i)representative of the Council of Governors.

(3)The Director-General of the Authority shall be the secretary to the Advisory Committee.

(4)The Advisory Committee may co-opt such other members as they deem necessary but in any case not more than four members shall be co-opted.

(5)The Advisory Committee shall, in co-opting members to sit in the Committee, ensure that the persons co-opted have the necessary knowledge and experience in the matters under consideration by the Committee.

13. Function of the Advisory Committee

(1)The functions of the Advisory Committee shall be to—

(a)generally advise the Cabinet Secretary on upstream petroleum operations;

(b)advise the Cabinet Secretary during the negotiation of and entering into of petroleum agreements;

(c)upon the recommendation of the Authority, advise the Cabinet Secretary on the suspension, revocation or termination of a petroleum agreement or the recall of a security given under the terms and conditions of a petroleum agreement;

(d)assist the Cabinet Secretary to develop criteria for the negotiation of petroleum agreements between the Cabinet Secretary and a contractor.;

(e)perform such other functions and duties in accordance with this Act or any other written law.

(2)Where the Cabinet Secretary rejects any advice given under this section, the reasons for the rejection shall be communicated in writing to the Advisory Committee within fourteen days.

Part IV – UPSTREAM PETROLEUM RIGHTS AND MANAGEMENT OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES

14. Property in Petroleum

(1)All petroleum existing in its natural condition in strata lying within Kenya and its continental shelf is vested in the National Government in trust for the people of Kenya.

(2)All upstream petroleum resources in subsection (1) shall be managed in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, this Act and the regulations made thereunder.

15. Constitution of blocks

(1)For the purposes of this Act, the Cabinet Secretary after consultation with the Advisory Committee may, by notice in the Gazette, divide Kenya and its continental shelf into numbered areas which shall be defined by specific geographical co-ordinates, and each area shall be described as a "block".

(2)The Cabinet may reserve any number of blocks for exploration by the national government.

16. Licensing

(1)No person shall engage in upstream petroleum operations without—

(a)executing a petroleum agreement in accordance with this Act; or

(b)obtaining a non-exclusive exploration permit in respect of a block for the purpose of obtaining geological, geophysical and geochemical information granted in accordance with section 23.

(2)A person who wishes to undertake upstream petroleum operations shall—

(a)apply to the Cabinet Secretary for a petroleum agreement; or

(b)apply to the Authority for a non-exclusive exploration permit in accordance with section 22.

(3)An application under this section shall be accompanied by the requisite information to be specified in the Regulations.

(4)A person who engages in upstream petroleum operations without executing a petroleum agreement with the Cabinet Secretary or obtaining a non-exclusive exploration permit from the Authority commits an offence and upon conviction shall be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty million shillings or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years or to both.

17. Financial and technical obligations of the contractor

(1)Where the national government enters into a petroleum agreement, under this Act, it shall do so fairly, equitably, transparently, competitively and cost effectively:Provided that the national government shall enter into a petroleum agreement only with a contractor who shall have the financial, technical and professional capacity necessary to fulfil the contractor's obligations under the petroleum agreement.

(2)The contractor shall maintain financial, technical and professional capacity throughout the length of the contract.

(3)The contractor shall at all times ensure that any subcontractor or agent of the contractor acting on his behalf possesses the necessary skills and qualifications to meet the obligations of the contractor stipulated in the petroleum agreement or as required under this Act.

18. Negotiation, award and execution of petroleum agreements

(1)Subject to section 23 the Cabinet Secretary shall negotiate, award and execute a petroleum agreement, on behalf of the national government, in the form prescribed in the Schedule to this Act.

(2)A petroleum agreement may be executed between the Cabinet Secretary and a contractor after the conclusion of bidding rounds conducted in accordance with this Act.

(3)Despite subsection (2), the Cabinet Secretary may execute a petroleum agreement with a contractor after direct negotiations with that contractor on the recommendations of the Advisory Committee—

(a)where no bids have been received during the bidding round;

(b)where the bids that have been received do not satisfy the minimum criteria for the execution of a petroleum agreement; or

(c)where there is insufficient data in relation to a block.

(4)Where the Cabinet Secretary intends to negotiate directly with a contractor in accordance with this section, the Cabinet Secretary shall publish a notice of thirty days on the website of the Ministry, in the Gazette and in at least two newspapers of national circulation.

(5)The Cabinet Secretary shall, in the notice published under subsection (4)—

(a)set out a statement of the details of the contractor with whom the Cabinet Secretary intends to enter into direct negotiations;

(b)invite any objections that a person may have with respect to the intended negotiations; and

(c)invite any interested party who may have an interest in the block to submit a bid with respect to that block.

(6)On the expiry of the notice given under subsection (4) and on the recommendation of the Advisory Committee, the Cabinet Secretary may—

(a)commence direct negotiations with the contractor if that contractor is the only entity interested in the block; or

(b)conduct a bidding round or bidding rounds in accordance with this Act if one or more entities declare an interest in the block.

(7)The Cabinet Secretary shall inform all the bidders of the bidder to whom a block has been awarded.

(8)The Cabinet Secretary shall, upon concluding negotiations under this section, publish a notice on the website of the Ministry, in the Gazette and in at least two newspapers of national circulation, information with respect to the contractor to whom the Cabinet Secretary has awarded a block and the outcome of such negotiations.

(9)The Cabinet Secretary shall make Regulations for—

(a)the procedure to be adopted during a bidding round;

(b)the procedure to be followed in awarding a block to a contractor; and

(c)the procedure to be adopted when negotiating directly with a contractor for the award of a block.

(10)If a party to a bidding round or direct negotiations is dissatisfied with the award of the bidding round or direct negotiations, an appeal may be made to the Tribunal in the first instance.

19. Express rights and obligations in petroleum agreements

(1)Notwithstanding any other written law and subject to this Act every petroleum agreement shall require the contractor to—

(a)perform certain minimum work and incur certain minimum expenditure during the course of exploration operations;

(b)present to the Cabinet Secretary a field development plan in respect of any commercial field and promptly take all steps that are reasonable to develop that field for production;

(c)present to the Cabinet Secretary a work programme and budget for each year of operation;

(d)keep accurate books of accounts and records of upstream petroleum operations and submit quarterly expenditure reports and annual audited financial statements to the Cabinet Secretary;

(e)conduct upstream petroleum operations in accordance with requisite professional and technical skills;

(f)adopt measures necessary for the conservation of petroleum and other resources as well as protect the environment;

(g)give preference to the use of locally available raw materials, products, equipment, manpower, services and continuously transfer technology and build local capacity;

(h)indemnify the Government against all claims made by third parties, in respect of any injury, damage or loss caused by, or resulting from, the conduct of any operations carried out by the contractor or subcontractors pursuant to the provisions of any petroleum agreement;

(i)provide such information, data, reports and samples concerning upstream petroleum operations as the Cabinet Secretary or Authority may require; and

(j)conduct all upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the best petroleum industry practice.

(2)The contractor shall have an exclusive right to explore and exploit petroleum in the contract area subject to the provisions of this Act and the petroleum agreement.

20. Submission of joint operating agreements

Where two or more persons have formed a partnership with a view of jointly applying for a petroleum agreement, they shall, upon executing a petroleum agreement submit a joint operating agreement to the Cabinet Secretary on or before the effective date of the petroleum agreement.

21. Operator

(1)The contractor shall appoint an operator in relation to the petroleum agreement.

(2)A contractor may substitute one operator for another operator as may be provided for in the petroleum agreement and in this Act.

(3)The public shall be informed of the changes of an operator by way of a Gazette notice, a newspaper of nationwide circulation and a radio of local coverage in the area in which the operations are being undertaken.

22. Application for non-exclusive exploration permit

(1)A person who intends to carry out a non-exclusive exploration survey shall apply to the Authority for a non-exclusive exploration permit in the prescribed form and accompanied by the prescribed fee.

(2)The Authority shall issue a non-exclusive exploration permit for a geographically delineated area.

(3)The Authority may issue non-exclusive exploration permits to different persons in respect of different non-exclusive exploration activities in the same geographically delineated area.

(4)A non-exclusive exploration permit shall state—

(a)the date of issue of the permit;

(b)the area to which the permit relates;

(c)the type of non-exclusive exploration activity for which the permit is issued;

(d)the conditions under which the permit is issued; and

(e)confidentiality requirements.

(5)A person who has been issued with a non-exclusive exploration permit shall provide to the Authority copies and samples of all the data collected by that person.

(6)A person who conducts a non-exclusive exploration survey without being issued with a non-exclusive exploration permit by the Authority commits an offence and upon conviction shall be liable to a fine of not less than Kenya shillings ten million or to a term of imprisonment of not less than two years or both.

23. Grant of non-exclusive exploration permit

(1)The Authority may issue an applicant with a non-exclusive exploration permit and the Authority may impose such conditions as it may deem fit on the permit.

(2)The Authority shall give access to information relating to non-exclusive exploration permits that have been issued under this Act to an applicant for such information and shall, for this purpose, avail such information—

(a)for inspection by a person applying to inspect such information free of charge;

(b)by supplying a copy to an applicant or, where such information is held by the Authority in electronic form, by submitting such information through electronic means upon payment of a reasonable fee to cover the costs of supplying the information; and

(c)by publishing the information on its website and in such other manner as it may consider appropriate.

(3)The Authority shall inform each County Government affected by the non-exclusive exploration activities of the nature and status of such non-exclusive exploration activities.

24. Operational permits

(1)A contractor who intends to conduct upstream petroleum operations shall apply to the Authority for an operational permit.

(2)The provisions of section 23(2) shall apply with respect to operational permits under subsection (1).

(3)Despite the generality of subsection (1), a contractor shall apply to the Authority for an operational permit to—

(a)drill a well;

(b)develop and produce petroleum;

(c)construct petroleum gathering systems in the field;

(d)build a crude oil storage facility;

(e)plug or abandon an individual well;

(f)operate an underground injection control well;

(g)convert an individual well to an underground injection control well;

(h)decommission or abandon an upstream petroleum facility;

(i)develop, build, construct or operate a gas processing facility; or

(j)remediate and reclaim upon the abandonment of a well or facility.

(4)A contractor shall apply to the Authority for an operational permit for each well.

(5)An application for an operational permit shall include—

(a)drilling permit for exploration, appraisal, development and production wells;

(b)the global positioning system (GPS) location of each well;

(c)a commitment by the contractor of the contractor's ability to construct a well site, access road to the well site, facilitate mobility of equipment, supplies, and materials to the well site during drilling, monitoring, appraisal and evaluation activities;

(d)a development and production permit which shall specify the system of production facilities, such as tank batteries, production units, flow lines and gathering lines, and other equipment, as deemed necessary to conduct production activities; and

(e)a plugging and abandonment permit which shall indicate the proper methodology approved by the Authority in consultation with the Government agency responsible for environmental management, and complete restoration of the individual well site, well site access road and removal of all equipment, supplies and materials used during drilling and production.

(6)The designation of a well for drilling shall be as stipulated by Regulations made by the Cabinet Secretary and shall consist of—

(a)the name of the prospect, reservoir or field in which the well is to be drilled; and

(b)the serial number which indicates the chronological order in the drilling sequence for the prospect or field.

(7)A contractor shall identify each by a unique designation indicating the block name and the basin in which it is located.

(8)The Authority, in collaboration with the contractor and any other relevant stakeholder, shall give the local community in a place where upstream petroleum operations are to be permitted adequate opportunity to participate in the process of reviewing and awarding permits under this Act.

(9)The Authority shall, in carrying out public participation under subsection (8)—

(a)conduct the public participation through such means as may be necessary to ensure that the citizens within the respective county and the relevant stakeholders—

(i)are informed of any decision to be undertaken under this Act which affects them;

(ii)have sufficient notice of at least twenty-one working days of any decisions to be made or permits to be issued which may affect them; and

(iii)have an opportunity to obtain information with respect to any permit issued or decision made under sub-paragraph (i) or to submit their concerns or any information that they may have with respect to the issue under consideration;

(b)conduct the public participation through such fora as may be necessary for effective public participation under paragraph (b) including the structures for citizen participation established by a county government pursuant to section 91 of the County Governments Act;

(c)publish any notices required for the purpose of informing the public through such forums including at least one newspaper of local circulation within the local community which is to be affected by the issue under consideration.

(10)A person who contravenes the provisions of this section commits an offence and upon conviction shall be liable to a fine of not less than ten million shillings or to a term of imprisonment of not less than two years or both.

25. Security for compliance and suspension or termination of petroleum agreement

(1)On or before the commencement of the initial exploration period or of any additional exploration period the contractor shall provide a security, in such form to be prescribed in the petroleum agreement guaranteeing the contractor's minimum work and expenditure obligations.

(2)Where a contractor is in default of the contractor's minimum work and expenditure obligations, the Cabinet Secretary may, by reasonable notice in writing served on the contractor, suspend or terminate the petroleum agreement and promptly recall the security.

(3)For the purposes of subsection (2), the contractor shall be deemed to be in default where the Cabinet Secretary has served the contractor with a notice in writing giving the particulars of the default and the contractor has—

(a)neglected to remedy the default within the period prescribed in the petroleum agreement or such reasonable notice in writing stating the particulars of the default; and

(b)the contractor—

(i)fails or refuses to respond to the notice additional time as may be granted by the Cabinet Secretary; or

(ii)fails or refuses to rectify the default; or

(iii)the contractor has failed to offer adequate compensation, where the default if the contractor has failed to rectify the default, cannot be remedied.

26. Transfer of interest in petroleum agreement

(1)A contractor shall not transfer an interest in a petroleum agreement executed in accordance with this Act without the written permission of the Cabinet Secretary.

(2)The Cabinet Secretary may permit a transfer by a contractor of an interest in a petroleum agreement where—

(a)the contractor has applied to the Cabinet Secretary for such a transfer in the prescribed form;

(b)the contractor has complied with this Act, the terms and conditions of the petroleum agreement and any other written law;

(c)the person to whom the interest in the petroleum is being transferred has the financial and technical capacity to meet the contractor's obligations under the terms and conditions of this Act and the petroleum agreement; and

(d)the taxes payable with respect to the transaction have been assessed.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary shall not unreasonably withhold permission for the transfer of an interest in a petroleum agreement by the contractor to another person unless there is reason to believe that the transfer of that interest shall be against public interest or safety.

(4)In this section—

(a)"transfer of interest in petroleum agreement" includes the acquisition of control by the person to whom an interest in a petroleum agreement under this Act is transferred; and

(b)"control" in relation to any person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management by that person, whether through the ownership of shares, voting, securities, partnership or other ownership or participation interests, agreements or otherwise.

(5)This section applies to any direct or indirect transfer of interest or participation in the petroleum agreement, including the assignment of shareholding and other ownership shares that may provide control of a contractor possessing a participating interest in the petroleum agreement.

(6)A contractor shall obtain the permission of the Cabinet Secretary before the contractor transfers or charges the contractor's fixed facilities.

(7)The Cabinet Secretary and the contractor shall inform the National Government agency responsible for collection of taxes and revenues of all approvals for the transfer, assignment or trade of interest in a petroleum agreement within twenty days after the approval.

(8)A holder of an interest in a petroleum agreement shall notify the Cabinet Secretary whenever there is any change in the ownership or control of a company or any joint venture company with an interest in the petroleum agreement, and the holder of the interest and the new owner shall give a written commitment to the Cabinet Secretary that they shall continue to honour the obligations prescribed in the petroleum agreement.

(9)A company, other than a listed company, that has executed a petroleum agreement shall not transfer its shares or stocks to any person without the permission of the Cabinet Secretary.

(10)Notwithstanding any other payments that may be applicable for the transfer of shares and stocks by a company that is a party to a petroleum agreement, the Cabinet Secretary may charge such fees for the transfer as may be prescribed in Regulations.

(11)A person who contravenes the provisions of this section commits an offence and on conviction, shall be liable to a fine of not less than ten million shillings or to imprisonment for a term of two years or to both.

27. Report of discovery of petroleum

(1)Where a contractor discovers the existence of petroleum or any other resource in Kenya, that contractor shall notify the Cabinet Secretary within forty eight hours of the discovery.

(2)The Cabinet Secretary—

(a)shall be the only person authorized to notify the public of the discovery of petroleum or any other resource by a contractor; or

(b)may authorize a contractor or any other person to notify the public of the discovery of petroleum or any other resource by the contractor.

(3)A contractor who notifies the public of the discovery of petroleum or any other resource without having reported the discovery to the Cabinet Secretary or who notifies the public of the discovery without the approval of the Cabinet Secretary commits an offence and on conviction shall be liable to a penalty of not less than twenty million shillings.

(4)Where any other natural resource is discovered in the course of exploration or production of petroleum, the Contractor shall inform the Cabinet Secretary of the discovery and, where relevant, the Cabinet Secretary shall inform the Cabinet Secretary responsible for matters related to in the other natural resource.

28. Notification prior to abandonment

(1)A contractor shall give the Authority a notice of thirty days where the contractor intends to abandon a well.

(2)A contractor shall obtain the written permission of the Authority to close or plug a well.

(3)A person who contravenes the provisions of this section commits an offence and upon conviction shall be liable to a fine of not less than twenty million shillings or to a term of imprisonment of not less than five years or both.

29. Surrender of blocks

(1)A contractor shall surrender all or part of the block in accordance with this Act and the terms of the petroleum agreement.

(2)Where a contractor intends to partially surrender a block, that contractor shall surrender contiguous portions of the block in accordance with this Act and the manner specified the petroleum agreement.

(3)Where a contractor intends to partially surrender a block, that contractor shall submit to the Cabinet Secretary and the Authority the geological and geophysical data in relation to the block.

(4)The surrender of any block shall not affect any liability on the part of the contractor incurred prior to the date of surrender in respect of the block.

(5)Where a contractor surrenders a block or partially surrenders a block, that contractor shall meet that contractor's obligations under the terms of the petroleum agreement, including obligations in relation to decommissioning costs.

30. Development

(1)Where a commercial field is established, such field shall be developed by the contractor within such time as may be prescribed in this Act and the petroleum agreement.

(2)A contractor shall prepare a field development plan for a commercial field which shall contain—

(a)proposals for the development of and production from the field;

(b)an assessment of whether the development of and production from the field should be subject to unitization or joint upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the provisions of this Act;

(c)an assessment of how to coordinate upstream petroleum operations with other contractors, including the joint use of facilities subject to this Act and any other applicable law;

(d)proposals relating to the spacing, drilling and completion of wells and the facilities required for the production of petroleum including—

(i)the estimated number, size and production capacity of production platforms, if any;

(ii)the estimated number of production wells;

(iii)the particulars of production equipment and facilities;

(iv)the particulars of feasible alternatives for transportation of petroleum including pipelines; and

(e)any other relevant information and data.

(3)The field development plan shall be submitted by the contractor to the Authority for review in accordance with the petroleum agreement.

(4)The Authority shall advise the Cabinet Secretary before approval of the field development plan.

31. Ratification by Parliament

(1)The Cabinet Secretary shall, within thirty days of the approval of a field development plan submitted in accordance with the terms of a production sharing contract entered into under this Act, submit the production sharing contract together with the field development plan to Parliament for ratification in accordance with Article 71 of the Constitution.

(2)Parliament shall, within sixty days after receipt of the production sharing contract and the field development plan under subsection (1)—

(a)ratify the production sharing contract and the field development plan; or

(b)refuse to ratify the production sharing contract and the field development plan and refer the documents back to the Cabinet Secretary for reconsideration stating the reasons for the refusal.

(3)Parliament shall, in carrying out its obligation under subsection (2), undertake public participation.

(4)The Cabinet Secretary shall, upon accordance refusal under subsection (2)(b), consider the reasons and reservations on their merits and resubmit the same to Parliament for approval.

(5)If Parliament does not make a decision under subsection (2) within ninety days, the production sharing contract and the field development plan shall be deemed to have been ratified.

32. Petroleum production

A contractor shall apply to the Authority for a production permit and the application shall be accompanied by—

(a)a report on the petroleum reservoir;

(b)an field development plan approved by the Cabinet Secretary;

(c)an environmental impact assessment study report of the upstream petroleum operations;

(d)any relevant information that the Authority may reasonably require, including information relating to alternative proposals for development and production not included in the development plan;

(e)any other information deemed pertinent by the Authority which shall include but not be limited to particulars of, extent, thickness, chemical composition, petro-physical properties, flow rates, permeability, porosity, and any other relevant geological geochemical and engineering data;

(f)a field decommissioning plan;

(g)all relevant environmental licenses and reports as maybe required by law; and

(h)any other requirements in accordance with the petroleum agreement and this Act.

33. Variations or alterations in field development plan

(1)The contractor shall inform the Authority of any significant deviation in or alteration of the terms and conditions under which a field development plan has been submitted or approved as well as any significant alteration of facilities or use of facilities.

(2)On receiving information under subsection (1), the Authority may approve the variation or alteration of terms and preconditions under which a plan has been submitted or approved as well as any significant alteration of facilities, or may in the alternative require a new or amended plan to be submitted for approval.

(3)A person who contravenes the provisions of this section commits an offence and on conviction, shall be liable to a penalty of not less than ten million shillings or to imprisonment for a term of two years or to both.

34. Natural gas

A petroleum agreement may prescribe terms and conditions in respect of natural gas including—

(a)development or utilization of associated natural gas by the national government where the contractor does not intend to develop or utilize the associated natural gas;

(b)development of non-associated natural gas;

(c)minimization of flaring of natural gas;

(d)extension of the exploration periods provided in contract for appraisal of the discovery, development of the discovery and market of natural gas;

(e)valuation of natural gas;

(f)overall contract period; and

(g)any other terms necessary for development of natural gas.

35. Restriction on removal of petroleum and samples

(1)No person shall remove any petroleum or any petrological specimens, samples of petroleum, brine and fresh water found in a borehole or well from the area from which it has been obtained to any other area, or disposed of in any manner, except—

(a)with the written consent of the Authority, for the purpose of sampling or analysis;

(b)in the case of a contractor, in accordance with the conditions of the petroleum agreement; or

(c)as otherwise permitted by this Act.

(2)Any person who contravenes the provisions of subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine of not less than twenty million shillings or to imprisonment for a term of not less than five years or to both.

36. Unitization

(1)Subject to the provisions of section 28, where a contractor discovers petroleum or any other resource in the area where the contractor is authorized to conduct upstream petroleum operations and the discovery extends beyond that area, the contractor shall inform the Cabinet Secretary within seven days of the discovery.

(2)Where a discovery is made under this section extends to an area where a separate petroleum agreement operates, the Authority may require that the petroleum or other resource shall be developed and produced in accordance with a unitization agreement.

(3)A unitization agreement shall be an agreement between contractors who hold separate petroleum agreements on blocks that are adjacent or contiguous to each other for the joint development or production of petroleum from the separate blocks.

(4)Where the Authority requires contractors to develop or produce petroleum under a unitization agreement, the contractor shall prepare a joint development and production for the petroleum and submit the plan to the Authority for review within eighteen months from the date of the making of the unitization agreement or some longer period as the Authority may determine.

(5)Where the contractors fail to prepare a joint development and production plan within the prescribed period, the Authority may authorize another person to prepare the joint development and production plan and the costs for the preparation of that plan shall be borne by the contractors.

(6)The consultant provided for in the subsection (5) shall consult with and keep all the parties informed of its work at all times.

(7)Where the contractors fail to enter into a unitization agreement as provided for under this section, the petroleum agreements that the contractors executed with the Cabinet Secretary shall lapse and—

(a)the national government may develop or produce the petroleum deposits; or

(b)the Cabinet Secretary may enter into a petroleum agreement with another contractor in accordance with this Act for the development and production of petroleum deposits.

(8)Where the adjacent area contemplated in subsection (1) is not subject to a petroleum contract, the Authority may recommend that the subject petroleum deposit shall be developed pursuant to a unitization agreement and shall advise the Cabinet Secretary to arrange for the licensing of the adjacent area in accordance with this Act.

37. Third party access to infrastructure

(1)A person who owns infrastructure used for upstream and midstream petroleum operations shall provide access to that infrastructure to third parties under such reasonable conditions:Provided that there are no significant technical challenges that shall prevent the utilization of the infrastructure by third parties.

(2)Where the available capacity of infrastructure used for upstream and midstream petroleum operations is not sufficient to accommodate third parties, the owners of the infrastructure shall increase the capacity of such infrastructure to accommodate the third party requirements if—

(a)the expansion shall not have an adverse impact on the technical integrity and safety of the infrastructure; and

(b)the third parties bear the cost of the expansion.

(3)An agreement for the use by third parties of the infrastructure for upstream and midstream petroleum operations shall be submitted to the Authority for approval by the owner of the infrastructure.

38. Segmentation

(1)A contractor engaged in upstream petroleum operations in accordance with a petroleum agreement shall not have proprietary rights or control of any downstream petroleum operations.

(2)Despite subsection (1), where the contractor conducting upstream petroleum operations is a subsidiary company of another company, that other company may conduct midstream or downstream operations or another subsidiary company of that other company may conduct midstream or downstream petroleum operations.

39. Petroleum field decommissioning plan

(1)A contractor shall submit a field decommissioning plan to the Authority before a production permit to install and operate the facilities is issued.

(2)The plan referred to in subsection (1) shall contain proposals for continued production or shut down of production, decommissioning of facilities and any other information required under the regulations.

(3)The decommissioning of facilities referred to in subsection (2) may constitute further use of the facilities in the upstream petroleum operations, other uses, complete or partial removal and disposal or abandonment.

(4)The Authority may on receipt of the plan require further information and evaluation, or may require a new or amended decommissioning plan.

(5)The contractor may from time to time as directed by the Authority update the decommissioning plan as shall be provided for in the regulations made under this Act.

40. Decommissioning funds

(1)There shall be established a decommissioning fund for each development area or for other facilities operated in relation to a production permit under this Act for the purpose of costs related to the implementation of a decommissioning plan as provided in the petroleum agreements.

(2)The decommissioning fund shall be applied to the implementation of activities approved in the decommissioning plan.

(3)Payments into the decommissioning fund shall commence from the first calendar quarter in any of the following situations whichever is earlier—

(a)the petroleum production has reached fifty percent of the aggregate recoverable reserves as determined in an approved development plan and any successive re-appraisal of such initial recoverable reserves; or

(b)ten years before the expiry of the production permit.

(4)For every subsequent first calendar quarter in which petroleum is produced or a facility operated, the Authority shall charge the contractor a portion of the estimated future cost for decommissioning of facilities to be deposited in the fund.

(5)The amount deposited in the decommissioning fund shall be charged as operating cost subject to the cost recoverable limitations stipulated in the petroleum agreement or as may be provided by regulations.

(6)Where the decommissioning fund is not sufficient to cover the implementation of the decommissioning plan, the contractor, and where applicable, the owner of the facilities shall cover the costs and expenses.

(7)Where any amount remains in the decommissioning fund after the decommissioning plan has been implemented, such funds shall be distributed pro rata between the contractor and the National Government where the National Government has participating interest.

(8)The management of the decommissioning fund shall be done by a committee consisting of representatives of the National Government, County Government and the contractor, in such manner as may be prescribed by regulations.

41. Notification of termination and decommissioning

(1)The contractor shall notify the Authority of the date and time of intended termination of use of a facility if the said use is expected to terminate permanently before the expiry of the production permit.

(2)Decommissioning shall be scheduled to occur after a producing field reaches its economic limit.

(3)Decommissioning shall be carried out as provided for in this Act, the petroleum agreement and the decommissioning plan.

42. Disposal of decommissioned facilities

(1)The Authority may issue directions relating to the time limit for disposal of decommissioned facilities:Provided that all decommissioned facilities shall revert to the National Government.

(2)Directions issued under subsection (1) shall take into consideration factors such as the economic efficiency, technical viability, safety and any environmental concerns as well as consideration for other users.

(3)A contractor shall comply with the directions of the Authority regarding the disposal or decommissioning of upstream petroleum operations even where a production permit has lapsed.

(4)Where the ownership of a facility has been transferred in accordance with this Act, the contractor and the owners shall comply with the directions of the Authority in relation to the disposal or decommissioning of the facilities.

(5)The Authority direct that facilities used in upstream petroleum operations shall continue to be used for upstream petroleum operations by another contractor or for other purposes and the other contractor or other user of the facilities shall comply with the directions of the Authority regarding the disposal or decommissioning of the facilities.

(6)Where directions relating to the disposal or decommissioning of a facility are not carried out by a contractor or a user authorized by the Authority as directed by the Authority, the Authority may take the necessary measures on behalf of the contractor or that other user.

(7)Where the Authority takes any measures under subsection (6) on behalf of a contractor or that other user, any risks or costs incurred arising out of that measure, shall be borne by the contractor or that other user as the case may be.

43. Removal of property by the contractor

(1)Where a production permit has been surrendered, expired, or has been relinquished by a contractor, the Authority shall by notice in writing served on the contractor, direct the contractor to—

(a)remove from the area which was subject to the production permit all property brought into that area by any person engaged or concerned in the upstream petroleum operations authorized by the production permit or to make arrangements that are satisfactory to the Authority with respect to that property;

(b)apply to the Authority for a plug and abandonment permit to plug all the wells drilled in that area; and

(c)take any action for the conservation and protection of the natural resources and the environment in that area.

(2)A direction given under subsection (1) shall be consistent with best petroleum industry practices, and nothing in this section or in any direction shall be construed as requiring any person serving or having served as the contractor to do anything contrary to best petroleum industry practices.

(3)A person to whom directions are given under subsection (1) who refuses or neglects to comply with such directions within the period specified in the notice, commits an offence and shall on conviction be liable to a fine not less than ten million shillings or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both.

44. Liability for damages for disposal of decommissioned facility

(1)A person obligated to implement directions relating to disposal of a decommissioned facility under this part shall be liable for damage or loss arising in connection to the disposal of the facility or other implementation related thereto.

(2)Where the contractor abandons a facility, the contractor shall be liable for any damage or loss caused in connection with the abandoned facility.

(3)Where there is more than one party liable under sub section (1) or (2), they shall be held jointly and severally liable for all financial obligations, penalties and/or liabilities.

(4)Where a decision is made to abandon the facility, it may be agreed between the contractor and the National Government that future maintenance, responsibility and liability be assumed by the National Government based on agreed financial compensation as provided for in the regulations.

Part V – INFORMATION AND REPORTING

45. Reporting requirement

The contractor shall submit to the Authority reports on—

(a)all geological, geochemical, geophysical surveys, drilling, completion and production data and any other information in accordance with the petroleum agreement and regulations made under this Act;

(b)the rates and volume of petroleum produced, its composition including test production and the recovery of petroleum in connection with formation testing;

(c)the volumes and other results of production monitoring as well as monitoring procedure; and

(d)the use, injection, venting and flaring of natural gas or petroleum which information shall be based on metering.

46. Disclosure of information

Information obtained under section 45 relating to any matter shall not be published or otherwise disclosed to a third party without prior consent in writing from the person from whom the information was obtained.Provided that nothing in this section shall restrict—

(a)the disclosure of such information—

(i)to the Cabinet Secretary for the time being responsible for petroleum;

(ii)to any officer or authority having functions in relation to upstream petroleum, policy development, economic planning of upstream petroleum operations, tax administration or environmental management; and

(iii)in furtherance of a right to a person as provided for under the Constitution and other relevant laws; or

(b)the use of such information in any manner, which the Authority deems necessary or expedient in connection with the objects of this Act.

47. Contractor to furnish information

It shall be the duty of every contractor to furnish the Cabinet Secretary and the Authority as the case may be at such times and in such form and manner, such information as the Cabinet Secretary and the Authority may in writing require.

48. False information

A person who refuses to furnish the information requested under section 47 or who makes a false statement or a statement which he has reason to believe is untrue, to the Cabinet Secretary, and to the Authority, as required under this Act, commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than twenty million shillings or to a term of imprisonment of not less than five years or both.

49. Information required by Authority

(1)Where the Authority has reason to believe that a person is in possession of any information or data relating to upstream petroleum operations or any petroleum obtained or the value thereof, the Authority may, by notice in writing, require that person to—

(a)furnish to the Authority with that information or data within the period and manner specified in the notice;

(b)attend before the Authority or its representatives at such time and place as may be specified to answer questions pertaining to upstream petroleum operations or any petroleum obtained or the value thereof; or

(c)furnish to a person identified in the notice at such time and place specified such information or data in their custody or domain relating to upstream petroleum operations or any petroleum obtained or the value thereof.

(2)A person shall not be excused from furnishing information or data or answering a question when required to do so under this section on the ground that the information or data so furnished or the answer to the question might tend to be incriminating or expose them to liability or penalty.

(3)Where any information or data is furnished pursuant to a requirement under subsection (1)(c), the person to whom it is made available may make copies or take extracts from the data.

(4)Any person who—

(a)refuses or fails to comply with the requirement in a notice under subsection (1) to the extent to which he or she is capable of complying with it; or

(b)in purported compliance with any requirement referred to in subsection (1), knowingly or recklessly makes a statement or furnishes any information or data that is false or misleading in a material particular,

commits an offence and shall on conviction, be liable to the penalty provided under section 48.

Part VI – LOCAL CONTENT AND TRAINING

50. Local content requirements

(1)A person carrying out any undertaking or works under this Act shall—

(a)comply with local content requirements in all operations;

(b)give priority to services provided and goods manufactured in Kenya where the goods meet the specifications of the petroleum industry as prescribed by the Kenya Bureau of Standards or in absence of a Kenyan standard any other internationally acceptable standard that the Authority shall approve; and

(c)ensure that priority is given for the employment or engagement of qualified and skilled Kenyans at all levels of the value chain:

Provided that the cost of local content shall be at the prevailing market rate.

(2)For the purpose of subsection (1) the contractor shall before engaging in petroleum operations prepare and submit a long term and annual local content plan which corresponds with the work program to the Authority for approval.

(3)Without limiting the generality of subsection (2), a local content plan shall address—

(a)employment and training;

(b)research and development;

(c)technology transfer;

(d)industrial attachment and apprenticeship;

(e)legal services;

(f)financial services;

(g)insurance services;

(h)succession plans for positions not held by Kenyans;

(i)consultancy services;

(j)construction services;

(k)hospitality services;

(l)transport services;

(m)security services;

(n)clearing and forwarding services;

(o)Inspection services; and

(p)other goods, works and services as may be prescribed in the regulations.

(4)The Cabinet Secretary may make Regulations regarding local content in petroleum operations.

51. Monitoring and enforcement of local content

(1)The Authority shall supervise, co-ordinate, and manage the development of local content.

(2)Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the Authority shall—

(a)oversee, coordinate and manage the development of local content;

(b)prepare guidelines to include targets and formats for local content plans and reporting;

(c)make appropriate recommendations to the Cabinet Secretary for the formulation of local content Regulations;

(d)set minimum requirements for local content in local content plans;

(e)public education and awareness;

(f)undertake local content monitoring, audit and enforcement; and

(g)perform any other functions as may be prescribed in regulations.

52. Training and Training Fund

(1)Any institution wishing to provide human capital development, build knowledge and technical capacity in upstream petroleum operations must be accredited in accordance with Regulations made under section 127.

(2)There shall be established a fund to be known as the Training Fund for the purpose of training Kenyan nationals in upstream petroleum operations.

(3)All moneys raised by the contractors as training contribution shall be paid into the Training Fund.

(4)The Training Fund shall not be managed except as shall be prescribed by the Cabinet Secretary in accordance with the provisions of this Act and regulations made under section 127.

(5)All moneys from the Training Fund shall be used only for the purpose for which the Training Fund is created.

(6)For the purposes of this section, the training contribution shall be such amount as is specified in the petroleum agreement.

Part VII – PAYMENTS AND REVENUES

53. Contractor to comply with financial and fiscal obligations in agreement

(1)The contractor shall comply with financial and fiscal obligations in the implementation of the petroleum agreement under this Act and any other written law.

(2)The contractor shall pay to the National Government all taxes, relevant fees and levies in such manner as may be prescribed by both the petroleum agreement and any other relevant laws.

(3)Taxes, profit petroleum and royalties from upstream petroleum operations shall be collected in accordance with the relevant tax laws and accounts provided to the National Government agency responsible for collection of taxes in the manner it prescribes.

(4)Where a person fails to make a payment under this Act when the amount falls due, the person shall pay such penalty as shall be prescribed in the production sharing contract or any other petroleum agreement. Such penalty shall be without prejudice to the National Government exercising any other remedies available in law.

54. Annual fees

(1)The holder of a petroleum agreement shall pay annual fees as may be prescribed by a petroleum agreement and regulations.

(2)The annual fees referred to under subsection (1) include—

(a)surface fees;

(b)training fees; and

(c)such other fees as may be prescribed.

(3)The annual fees under subsection (1) shall be payable on the grant of a petroleum agreement and thereafter annually on the anniversary of the grant until the termination of the petroleum agreement.

55. Signature bonus

(1)Prior to the award of the petroleum agreement the contractor shall pay to the National Government such signature bonus as shall be prescribed in the petroleum agreement.

(2)In this section, "signature bonus" means a single, non-recoverable lump sum payment by the contractor to the National Government upon execution of the petroleum agreement.

56. Payment terms

All payments due to the National Government under this Act shall be in an internationally acceptable and freely convertible currency.

57. Petroleum revenue

(1)The profit derived from upstream petroleum operations shall be shared between the contractor and the National Government in accordance with the petroleum agreement.

(2)The national government's share of petroleum revenues before the imposition of taxes shall be deposited into a dedicated petroleum fund, and managed in accordance with the Public Finance Management Act (Cap. 412A) and any other relevant law.

58. Sharing of petroleum resource

(1)The national government's share of the profits derived from upstream petroleum operations shall be apportioned between the national government, the county government and the local community.

(2)The county government's share shall be equivalent to twenty percent of the national government's share.

(3)The local community's share shall be equivalent to five percent of the national government share and shall be payable to a trust fund managed by a board of trustees established by the county government in consultation with the local community.

(4)The respective county government shall legislate on the establishment of the board of trustees and the prudent utilisation of the funds received under this section for the benefit of present and future generations.

(5)Parliament shall review the percentages under this section within ten years.

Part VIII – ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY

59. Environmental compliance

(1)A contractor shall carry out upstream petroleum operations in the contract area in accordance with all the applicable environment, health, safety and maritime laws and best petroleum industry practices.

(2)Without prejudice to the generality of the subsection (1), the contractor shall—

(a)take all reasonable steps necessary to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons engaged in all its operations in or about the contract area;

(b)deploy the best available technology to assure quality, environment, health and safety requirements are met;

(c)control the flow and prevent the waste or escape in the contract area of petroleum, gas (not being petroleum) or water;

(d)prevent the escape in the contract area of any mixture of water or drilling fluid and petroleum or any other matter;

(e)prevent damage to petroleum bearing strata in any area in respect of which the petroleum agreement is not in force;

(f)keep separate, in such manner as the Authority may by notice in writing served on the contractor direct, each petroleum reservoir discovered in the contract area, and any sources of water discovered in the contract area;

(g)prevent water or any other matter entering any petroleum reservoir through the wells in the exploration or development area, except when required by, and in accordance with, best petroleum industry practices;

(h)prevent the pollution of any soil, air, biodiversity, brine, water well, spring, stream, river, lake, reservoir, sea, forest, wildlife and marine, estuary or harbour by the escape of petroleum, salt water, drilling fluid, chemical additive, gas (not being petroleum) or any other waste product or effluent;

(i)where pollution occurs, treat or disperse it in an environmentally acceptable manner;

(j)furnish to the Authority, prior to the drilling of any well, a detailed report on the technique to be employed, an estimate of the time to be taken, the material to be used and the safety measures to be employed, in the drilling of the well; and

(k)prevent from flaring or venting of oil and natural gas by undertaking all reasonable steps including the harnessing or re-injecting of the gas.

60. Waste management

(1)A contractor shall ensure that the management of production, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of waste arising out of upstream petroleum operations is carried out in accordance with all the applicable environmental, health, safety and maritime laws and best petroleum industry practices.

(2)A contractor may contract a separate entity to manage the transportation, storage, treatment, spillage or disposal of waste arising out of upstream petroleum operations.

(3)For the avoidance of doubt the contractor shall remain responsible for the activities of the entity referred to under subsection (2).

(4)A person contracted by the contractor under subsection (2) shall not carry out those activities without being registered and licensed by the National Government agency responsible for environment and any other relevant entity.

(5)A person who carries on the management of the production, transportation, storage, treatment, clean up or disposal of waste arising out of upstream petroleum operations without a license or fails to comply with the terms and conditions prescribed in the license issued under subsection (4) commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine of not less than twenty million shillings or imprisonment of not less than five years or both.

61. Maintenance of property

(1)A contractor shall—

(a)maintain in good condition and repair, all structures, facilities, equipment and other property in the area subject to the petroleum agreement and used in connection with the operations in which the contractor is engaged;

(b)remove from that area all structures, facilities, equipment and other property that are not either being used or intended to be used in connection with those operations; and

(c)take reasonable steps to warn persons within the vicinity of any such structure, facilities, equipment or other property of the presence of the structure, equipment or other property and the possible hazards resulting there from.

(2)Subsection (1) shall not apply in relation to any structure, equipment or other property that was not brought into the area subject to the petroleum agreement by or with the authority of the contractor.

(3)A contractor who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall on conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than one million shillings or to a jail term of not less than six months or both.

62. Venting and flaring of oil and natural gas

(1)A contractor shall not vent or flare natural gas in the course of the conduct of upstream petroleum operations except with the prior authorization of the Authority in consultation with the National Government agency responsible for environment and safety and any other National Government entity.

(2)A contractor under subsection (1) shall carry out the venting or flaring in accordance with the terms and conditions of the consent, existing laws and best petroleum industry practices.

(3)Notwithstanding subsection (1), the prior consent of the Authority shall not be required in the case of an emergency and where such venting or flaring is necessary to avert a disaster.

(4)Where a contractor vents or flares under this section, such contractor shall—

(a)ensure that the gas venting or flaring is kept at the lowest possible level;

(b)inform the Authority of the carrying out of such venting or flaring and the circumstances requiring such action; and

(c)submit to the Authority such information as the Authority may require with respect to such venting or flaring.

(5)Any application to the Authority in respect of proposed flaring of oil or natural gas shall include an evaluation of reasonable alternatives to flaring that have been considered along with information on the amount and quality of oil or natural gas involved and the duration of the requested flaring.

(6)In considering the application under subsection (1) and (5), the Authority shall be satisfied that flaring is necessary to safeguard the health and safety of persons in the contract area or to prevent damage to the property of any person.

(7)A contractor who contravenes, fails or neglects to comply with a requirement of this section commits an offence and shall on conviction be liable to a fine of not less than one hundred million shillings or a jail term of not less than ten years or both.

63. Reporting of accidents and incidents

(1)A person engaged in any undertaking or activity pursuant to a petroleum agreement or permit issued under this Act shall notify the Authority within forty eight hours in writing, in the form and manner prescribed by the Authority, of any accident or incident causing loss of life, personal injury, explosion, oil spill, fire or any other accident or incident causing harm or damage to the environment or property which has arisen in Kenya or within Kenya's Exclusive Economic Zone or Outer Continental Shelf.

(2)The Authority may direct an investigation to be carried out into any accident or incident under subsection (1) and take such action as it deems necessary.

64. Standardization

A person shall not use or employ for or in connection with any of the purposes of producing, transporting, storing or using upstream petroleum, any mode, material or apparatus other than that which complies with the specification or standard of the Kenya Bureau of Standards or where no such standard exists, any international standard approved by the Kenya Bureau of Standards.

65. Safety

Upstream petroleum operations shall be conducted in such a manner as to enable a high level of safety to be maintained and further developed in accordance with technological advancement, best petroleum industry practices, the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Cap. 236A) and any other applicable laws.

66. Safety precautions

(1)A contractor shall take such precautions as are necessary to—

(a)ensure the safety of any person employed or otherwise within the vicinity of any installation in accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Cap. 236A) and any other relevant law; and

(b)protect the environment and natural resources, including taking precautions to prevent pollution.

(2)The contractor shall ensure that the persons referred to in subsection (1) (a) are duly informed of those precautions and that the contractor has secured the requisite insurance to cover any such eventualities.

67. General requirements for emergency preparedness

(1)A contractor and any other participant in upstream petroleum operations shall, at all times maintain efficient measures for emergency preparedness with a view to dealing with incidents which may lead to loss of life or personal injury, pollution or damage to property.

(2)The contractor shall ensure that the measures taken to prevent or reduce harmful effects, include measures to ensure that the environment is restored as much as possible to its original condition prior to commencement of operations.

68. Emergency preparedness measures

(1)The contractor shall initiate and maintain emergency preparedness measures to prevent and mitigate against any hazards occurring within facilities and shall at all times have contingency plans to deal with such emergencies.

(2)The contractor shall place facilities at the disposal of the relevant authorities for emergency and security drills and shall, where necessary, participate in such drills.

(3)The contractor shall take all reasonable measures to—

(a)identify the hazards and evaluate the risks associated with any work performed in the course of upstream petroleum operations carried out under the license which constitute a hazard to the health of persons employed for the purposes of that work and the steps to be taken to comply with the provisions of this Act and Regulations made herein; and

(b)as far as practicable, prevent the exposure of the persons referred to in paragraph (a) to the hazards.

(4)As far as is practicable, the contractor shall involve the Authority, National Environment Management Authority, the Council of Governors and the relevant local communities in the preparation of emergency preparedness measures.

69. Disaster preparedness, prevention and management unit

(1)The Cabinet Secretary shall establish a disaster preparedness, prevention and management unit within the Ministry to co-ordinate response to accidents, disasters and other emergencies that may occur within upstream petroleum operations.

(2)The disaster preparedness, prevention and management unit shall collaborate with the National Disaster Operations Centre, County Governments and other relevant institutions to ensure a timely response and emergency preparedness resource sharing.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary shall formulate and periodically update a risk assessment of upstream petroleum operations and implement appropriate risk mitigation programs.

(4)The disaster preparedness, prevention and management unit shall in liaison with the contractor carry out public awareness and sensitisation forums for local communities resident in areas surrounding ongoing Upstream Operations.

70. Safety zones

(1)There shall be a safety zone surrounding every facility carrying out upstream petroleum operations, unless otherwise determined by the Cabinet Secretary on advice by the Authority.

(2)The Cabinet Secretary may upon advice by the Authority, in cases of accidents and emergencies establish or extend the safety zones under subsection (1).

(3)The extent of the safety zones referred to in subsection (1) and (2) shall be determined by the Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the Authority; except where a safety zone extends across the border line with another state, the Cabinet Secretary shall consult Parliament.

(4)The Cabinet Secretary may direct that—

(a)a zone corresponding to the safety zone shall be established in reasonable time before the placing of the facilities as mentioned in subsection (1);

(b)there shall be a safety zone around and above abandoned or dumped facilities, or part of the facility; or

(c)a person shall not carry out unauthorized activity in the safety zones.

71. Suspension of upstream petroleum operations pursuant to emergency

(1)Where an accident or an emergency occurs, the contractor or other person responsible for the operation and use of the facility shall, to the extent necessary, suspend the upstream petroleum operations for as long as the requirement of prudent operations warrants.

(2)Where special circumstances exist, the Cabinet Secretary may order that upstream petroleum operations be suspended to the extent necessary, or may impose particular conditions to allow continuation of the activities.

(3)The contractor shall at all times ensure that any person carrying out work for the contractor possesses the necessary skills and qualifications to perform the work in a prudent manner in accordance with regulations made under this Act.

72. Liability of contractor for damage due to pollution

The contractor shall be liable for damage from pollution without regard to fault from whichever source related to the upstream petroleum operations of the contractor when the damage occurs in Kenya or within its territorial waters.

Part IX – MIDSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM PETROLEUM

Licensing

73. Granting of licences

(1)A person may make an application for a licence, permit or certificate to the licensing authority in the manner prescribed by this Act or the licensing authority.

(2)The licensing authority may, within thirty days of receiving the application—

(a)grant a licence, permit or certificate accordingly, either without conditions or subject to such conditions as the licensing authority may deem fit and shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee; or

(b)reject an application for grant of such licence, permit or certificate.

(3)Where the licensing authority rejects an application for the grant a licence, permit or certificate, the licensing authority shall give to the applicant reasons for the refusal in writing within seven days of such refusal.

74. Requirements of licence for petroleum business

(1)A person who wishes to—

(a)undertake refining, importation, export, bulk storage or transportation of petroleum crude or products must have a valid licence issued by the Authority;

(b)sell petroleum in bulk to another person for the purpose of export or for retail sale in Kenya must have a valid licence issued by the Authority;

(c)use a vehicle for the purpose of transporting petroleum in bulk shall have a valid petroleum permit in respect of that vehicle issued by the Authority; and

(d)drive a vehicle, or engage a driver, for the purpose of transporting petroleum in bulk by tanker shall ensure that such driver is certified for that purpose by the Authority.

(2)A person who wishes to carry out the supply of petroleum products by means of a retail dispensing station, or of gas through a centralised reticulation system, must have a licence issued by the County Government:Provided that any retail dispensing station or gas reticulation system complies with section 86 on construction permits and are operated in accordance with National guidelines published by Authority.

(3)A person who contravenes this section commits an offence and shall on conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than—

(a)ten million shillings, or to imprisonment for a term of not less than three years, or to both such fine and imprisonment if the contravention relates to subsection (1)(a);

(b)one million shillings, or to imprisonment for a term of not less than three years, or to both such fine and imprisonment if the contravention relates to subsections (1)(b) and (c) as well as (2); and

(c)two hundred and fifty thousand shillings, or to imprisonment for a term of not less than three years, or to both such fine and imprisonment if the contravention relates to subsection (1)(d).

75. Factors to be considered in reviewing an application

The licensing authority shall, in granting or rejecting an application for a licence or permit, take into consideration—

(a)the impact of the undertaking on the social, cultural or recreational life of the community;

(b)the need to protect the environment and to conserve the natural resources in accordance with the environmental laws, maritime laws and international maritime treaties ratified by Kenya and other guidelines developed by the Authority;

(c)the Occupational Safety and Health Act (Cap. 236A) or other safety and health standards recommended by the Authority in consultation with the relevant statutory body;

(d)compliance with this Act and the relevant Kenyan Standard and in the absence of such standard, any international standard recommended by the Authority in consultation with the Kenya Bureau of Standards;

(e)land use or the location of the undertaking;

(f)economic and financial benefits to the country or area of supply of the undertaking;

(g)the cost of the undertaking and financing arrangements;

(h)the ability of the applicant to operate in a manner designed to protect the health and safety of users of the service for which the licence or permit is required and other members of the public who would be affected by the undertaking;

(i)the technical and financial capacity of the applicant to render the service for which the licence or permit is required;

(j)where applicable the proposed tariff offered; and

(k)any other matter that the licensing authority may consider likely to have a bearing on the undertaking.

76. Forms and conditions of a licence or permit

(1)A licence or permit shall be in such form as the licensing authority may determine and shall, subject to subsection (2), contain such particulars or conditions where applicable—

(a)the provisions for tariffs or charges for the pipeline transport, common user import handling facilities or jetties and storage;

(b)the duration of the licence or permit;

(c)the maximum capacity, whether of import handling, storage, or transport;

(d)the market area segments; and

(e)any other matter connected with the carrying on of the undertaking.

(2)A licence or permit issued by the licensing authority shall set out—

(a)a requirement that the licensee shall comply with all applicable environmental, health and safety laws;

(b)a stipulation that the licensee is subject to liability under tort and the contract laws; and

(c)a requirement that all necessary fees associated with the licence or permit shall be paid on a timely basis.

(3)A licence or permit issued under this Act may not be altered, revised or modified, except with the consent of the licensee.

77. Renewal of Licences

(1)An application for renewal of a licence, permit or certificate shall be made at least thirty days before the expiry date of the existing licence, permit or certificate and shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee.

(2)If the licensing authority is satisfied that the applicant continues to meet the requirements of the licence, permit or certificate, the licensing authority shall renew the licence, permit or certificate.

(3)Where an application for renewal of a licence, permit or certificate has been made before the expiry of the licence, permit or certificate but has not been approved or rejected by the licensing authority when the licence, permit or certificate is due to expire, the licence, permit or certificate continues in force until the application for renewal is dealt with and any renewal in such a case shall be taken to have commenced from the day when the licence, permit or certificate would have expired before the renewal.

(4)A licence or permit shall specify the nature of petroleum business and the premises at which the licensee may conduct his business and where a petroleum business is conducted at more than one premise, a separate licence or permit shall be required for each of such premises.

(5)A person who conducts petroleum business at more than one premise, without obtaining a separate licence or permit for each of such premises, shall be liable to a penalty equivalent to twenty per cent of the licence, permit or certificate fee to be imposed by the Authority.

78. Amendment of licence, permit or certificate

(1)A person may make an application for amendment of a licence, permit or certificate.

(2)An application under subsection (1) shall be in the prescribed manner and be accompanied by the prescribed fee.

(3)The licensing authority may amend the licence, permit or certificate and endorse it accordingly.

(4)Where an application to amend a licence, permit or certificate is rejected, the licensing authority shall notify the applicant of the reasons in writing.

(5)A licence, permit or certificate amended under this section shall retain the existing expiry date.

(6)An applicant dissatisfied with the decision of the Cabinet Secretary under subsection (2), may appeal to the Tribunal within thirty days of the receipt of such decision.

79. Environment liability policy

An application for a licence shall be accompanied by an environmental liability policy as may be prescribed by the Authority.

80. Display of licences and permits

(1)A licensee or permit holder shall cause to be displayed with the premises, the licence or permit, or a certified copy.

(2)A licensee or permit holder who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding one million shillings.

81. Revocation of licence or permit

(1)The licensing authority may suspend or revoke a licence or permit where—

(a)the undertaking or the execution of the works related thereto has not commenced at the expiry of the period specified in the licence or permit, or at the expiry of any extended period which the Authority may allow;

(b)it is satisfied that the licensee is either not operating in accordance with the terms and conditions of the licence, permit or the provisions of this Act; or

(c)the licensee is adjudged bankrupt.

(2)Unless otherwise specified in the licence or permit, the licensing authority may give a licensee fourteen days' notice to show cause why the licence or permit should not be revoked.

(3)A notice under subsection (2) shall—

(a)set out the relevant condition of the licence or permit or the requirement of the Act to which the breach relates;

(b)specify the acts, omissions or other facts which, in the opinion of the Authority or the licensing authority, constitute a contravention of the conditions of the licence or permit or requirements of the Act, and the reasons why the licensing authority is of the opinion that any of the circumstances mentioned under subsection (1) have occurred or arisen; and

(c)be served upon the licensee at the licenses' principal place of business and shall take effect from the date of service.

(4)The licensing authority shall determine the matter within thirty days from the expiry of the notice.

(5)A suspension or revocation of a licence or permit shall not indemnify the licensee against any penalties for which such person may have become liable under the Act.

82. Replacement of a licence, permit or certificate

(1)A licensee or permit holder may apply for replacement of a licence, permit or certificate.

(2)A licensee or permit holder may apply for replacement of a licence, permit or certificate where it is lost, destroyed or defaced.

(3)The licensing authority shall, upon payment of the prescribed fee, issue a duplicate licence, permit or certificate to the licensee.

83. Transfer of a licence or permit

(1)A licensee shall not transfer or otherwise divest any rights, powers or obligations conferred or imposed upon the licensee by the licence or permit without the consent of the licensing authority.

(2)The licensing authority may, on application by any of the following persons, transfer a licence or permit—

(a)in the case of a death of the licensee, to the legal representative;

(b)in the case of the bankruptcy of the licensee or assignment for the benefit of the licensee's creditors generally, to the lawfully appointed trustee or assignee;

(c)in the case of a corporation in liquidation, to the lawfully appointed liquidator;

(d)in any case where the licensee becomes subject to a legal disability, to any person lawfully appointed to administer the licensees' affairs; or

(e)in the case of voluntary transfer of the undertaking, to the new owner of the undertaking.

(3)The licensing authority shall satisfy itself of the legal, technical and financial competence of the transferee to carry out the undertaking.

(4)The transferee shall undertake in writing to comply with the conditions of the licence or permit.

(5)The licensing authority shall not withhold any consent to any application to transfer unless it has reason to believe that public interest is likely to be prejudiced by the transfer.

84. Register of licences and permits

(1)The licensing authority shall keep a register, in such form as it may determine, of all licenses and permits granted and shall record therein, in respect of each licence or permit—

(a)the particulars required under sections 73 and 87;

(b)particulars of any duplicate issued or any amendment of the licence or permit made under sections 78 and 82;

(c)particulars of any suspension or revocation of the licence or permit under sections 81 and 89; and

(d)such other particulars as may be prescribed.

(2)Subject to subsection (3), any person may, during official working hours, and upon payment of the prescribed fee, inspect the register of licences and permits.

(3)Notwithstanding subsection (2), a person who is—

(a)a member of the Kenya Police Service or a public officer acting in the course of his duty; or

(b)an employee of the licensing authority or person authorised in writing by the Authority,

may inspect the register without payment of any fee.

85. Appeal against action of a licensing authority

A person aggrieved by the action of the licensing authority in—

(a)refusing to grant or renew a licence, permit or certificate or revoking a licence, permit or certificate; or

(b)imposing conditions on a licence, permit or certificate; or

(c)refusing to replace or amend a licence, permit or certificate, may, within thirty days of receipt of written notification, appeal to the Tribunal.

86. Construction permits

(1)A person who intends to construct a pipeline, refinery, bulk storage facility, retail dispensing site, centralized gas reticulation system or designated parking place for petroleum tankers shall, before commencing such construction, apply in writing to the licensing authority for a permit to do so.

(2)An application under subsection (1) shall—

(a)specify the name and address of the proposed owner;

(b)be accompanied by the registration documents of the proposed beneficial owner;

(c)be accompanied by a copy of detailed layout plans and specifications prepared by a professional engineer;

(d)in the case of a pipeline—

(i)specify the points, between which the proposed pipeline is to run;

(ii)state what products are to be transported by the proposed pipeline.

(e)in the case of a refinery, bulk liquefied petroleum gas, or natural gas facility specify the location, type and capacity;

(f)be accompanied by an environment and social impact assessment licence; and

(g)contain such other details as may be necessary.

(3)The licensing authority shall consider every application received under this section and shall, if satisfied that the applicant meets the prescribed requirements, grant to the applicant, within forty five days, the permit to construct a pipeline, refinery, bulk storage facility, bulk liquefied petroleum gas facility, natural gas facility, retail dispensing site, centralised gas reticulation system or designated parking, as the case may be.

(4)A permit shall be subject to such conditions as maybe prescribed.

(5)Where the licensing authority refuses to grant a permit under this section, it shall notify the applicant of such refusal specifying the reasons thereof and shall deliver such notice to the applicant.

87. Conditions for granting permits

(1)The licensing authority shall, before issuing a permit under section 73 take into account all relevant factors, including but not limited to—

(a)the relevant Government policies and guidelines;

(b)compliance with the relevant environmental, safety, planning, and maritime laws, County Government laws;

(c)the relevant Kenya Standard or in the absence of such standard, any other standard recommended by the licensing authority in consultation with the Kenya Bureau of Standards;

(d)the technical and financial capability of the applicant and methods of financing the proposed pipeline, refinery, bulk storage facility, or retail dispensing site; and

(e)any other matter which, in the opinion of the licensing authority, may be affected by the granting or the refusal of the permit being sought.

(2)A permit shall contain such terms and conditions as the licensing authority may consider appropriate, including but not limited to the—

(a)duration of the permit;

(b)person authorised to execute the works;

(c)area in which the works shall be executed; and

(d)conditions to be satisfied before any works authorised by the permit are used, which may include a requirement for the execution of further works.

(3)Where a permit contains conditions prescribed in subsection (2)(d), no person shall, before the conditions are satisfied, use any works the execution of which was authorised by the permit, except to the extent specified in a notice given by the licensing authority to the licensee specifying the extent to which the works may be used, notwithstanding that some of the conditions have not been satisfied and such permit may, at any time, be revoked by the licensing authority in a subsequent notice in the Gazette.

(4)A notice given by the licensing authority under subsection (3) shall be conclusive evidence for the purposes of this Act that those conditions have been satisfied.

(5)Where a permit referred to in subsection (3) is cancelled or otherwise ceases to be in force prior to the completion of the authorised works, the licensee shall, to the extent of partially executed works, be deemed to have satisfied the prescribed conditions.

88. Exemption from the requirement for a permit

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act—

(a)emergency works for the construction of a pipeline, may be executed without any authorization by the licensing authority:Provided that as soon as is reasonably practicable and in any event not later than sixty days after the works have commenced or have been executed, the owner of the petroleum logistics facility shall inform the licensing authority in writing of the works executed attaching copies of detailed construction drawings of such construction works and the route taken or intended to be taken by the petroleum logistic facility;

(b)no permit shall be required for the construction of a pipeline within a storage depot, a pipeline facility or refinery.

89. Suspension or revocation of a construction permit

(1)Subject to subsection (2), the licensing authority may, by notice in the Gazette, suspend or revoke a construction permit if any term or condition thereof has not been complied with within the prescribed period.

(2)Where the licensing authority intends to revoke or suspend a permit under this section, it may, at least twenty-one days before the date of the intended revocation or suspension, notify the holder of the permit of such intention, specifying the reasons thereof, and shall take every precaution to ensure fairness in the exercise of this power.

(3)The licensing authority may in writing, reinstate a permit revoked or suspended under subsection (1) if satisfied that the reasons for the revocation or suspension no longer exist.

90. Validity of permits

If, after a permit to construct a pipeline, a refinery, a bulk storage facility or a retail dispensing site has been granted, the execution of the works has not commenced at the expiry of twelve months from the date on which the permit was granted, or at the expiration of any extended period which the licensing authority may allow, the permit shall cease to have effect.

91. Destruction of illegal construction

(1)Where a person has constructed a pipeline, refinery, bulk storage facility, retail dispensing site or a centralized gas reticulation system without a permit, the licensing authority may—

(a)give that person a notice of twenty one days to obtain the permit;

(b)direct that person to stop the construction; or

(c)direct that person to decommission the pipeline, refinery, bulk storage facility, retail dispensing site or a centralized gas reticulation system.

(2)If the owner or occupier of the facility in sub section (1) fails to remove the works, the licensing authority shall decommission the works at the cost of that person.

(3)Notwithstanding subsection (1), any person who constructs a pipeline, refinery, bulk storage facility, retail dispensing site or a centralized gas reticulation system without a permit is liable on conviction to a fine of not less than one million shillings.

92. Standards for petroleum

(1)A person who offers for sale in Kenya or transports or stores petroleum meant for use in Kenya shall ensure that the specifications of such petroleum conforms to the relevant Kenya Standard, but where no such standard exists, the relevant international standards approved by the Kenya Bureau of Standards: Provided that no person shall divert to sell in Kenya, goods destined for other markets.

(2)A person who—

(a)sells or offers for sale petroleum not conforming to the relevant Kenya Standard or any other standard approved by the Kenya Bureau of Standards; or

(b)stores, transports, or sells or offers for sale adulterated petroleum, commits an offence and shall on conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than five million shillings, or to a term of imprisonment of not less than two years, or to both.

93. Maintenance of minimum operational stocks

It shall be the duty of a person licensed to import petroleum to maintain such quantities of petroleum and at such locations as may be prescribed by the Cabinet Secretary on the recommendation of the Authority.

94. Contracts for common user facilities

(1)A person licensed to operate a common user facility shall provide non-discriminatory open access to its facility for use by any licensee or person on payment of fair and reasonable charges as shall be prescribed in regulations made under this Act.

(2)A licensee shall promptly evacuate its petroleum products held by a common user logistic facility in accordance with this Act.

(3)Where any licensee wilfully delays to comply with the terms of the contract pursuant to subsection (1), the Authority may compel the licensee to evacuate the petroleum products when appropriate and in the event of the licensee failing to comply with such direction the Authority may order disposal of such products held by a common user logistic facility and impose such penalties and fines as may be prescribed in regulations.

95. Forms of contract for common user facilities

(1)Every person licensed to operate a common user facility shall use a form of contract approved by the Authority which shall set out the rights and responsibilities of the licensee and users of the facility, as the case may be.

(2)In approving a form of contract under subsection (1), the Authority shall satisfy itself that such form of contract has fair and reasonable provisions dealing with issues, including but not limited to—

(a)limitation of liability of the licensee;

(b)termination and suspension provisions;

(c)account and meter deposits;

(d)metering; and

(e)complaint handling and dispute resolution.

96. Power of the Cabinet Secretary to provide strategic petroleum stocks

The Cabinet Secretary may undertake in whole or in part, the provision of financing, procurement, storage, maintenance and management of petroleum strategic stocks.

97. Compliance with environmental, health and safety laws

(1)A person engaged in petroleum business shall comply with the applicable environmental, health and safety laws.

(2)In the event of a fire, explosion, oil spill, injury or fatality occurring in the course of operating a petroleum logistics facility, transportation or sale of petroleum, either by accident or through negligence, the operator or person transporting or selling the petroleum shall forthwith clean up the polluted or damaged environment, at the operator's own expense, to the satisfaction of the licensing authority and any other relevant authority.Provided that any person engaged in the storage, transportation or sale of petroleum and petroleum products shall have an oil clean-up plan in compliance with the National Oil Spill Policy, relevant environmental health and safety regulations or guidelines.

(3)If the operator or person transporting or selling petroleum fails, or unreasonably delays, to carry out the work referred to in subsection (2), the licensing authority may cause any work not carried out to be executed at the expense of the said operator or person transporting or selling the petroleum.

(4)Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as relieving the operator or person transporting petroleum from any liability in respect of any loss or damage caused by his failure to comply with safety measures as required in subsection (5).

(5)A person transporting petroleum by road, rail, coastal or inland waters, pipeline or any other mode shall institute measures to ensure that their mode of transportation is safe.

(6)The licensing authority may, at any time, require the operator of a facility or a transporter to show that he is in compliance with the provisions of this section.

98. Designated parking for petroleum tankers

(1)It shall be the duty of every County Government to designate or provide a place or places exclusively reserved for parking of petroleum tankers.

(2)A person who is in charge of or in control of any petroleum tanker and parks it outside a designated parking area for petroleum tankers commits an offence and shall on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand shillings or to a term of imprisonment of six months or to both..

99. Offences and attempted offences

(1)A person who—

(a)contravenes any provisions of section 93 on maintenance of minimum operational stock of petroleum;

(b)being the owner or operator of a refinery, pipeline, bulk liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas facility, service station, filling station or storage depot or transporter of petroleum, fails to institute appropriate environmental, health or safety control measures;

(c)being the owner of a pipeline, refinery or bulk liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas facility, contravenes the provisions of this Act or any regulations made thereunder relating to the construction or operation of a pipeline, refinery or bulk liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas facility or regulations thereof;

(d)vandalises, destroys, or interferes in any manner or illegally interconnects with such pipeline;

(e)illegally acquires, handles or is in possession of any petroleum products;

(f)maliciously misinforms the public leading to economic sabotage;

(g)who not being an owner of any petroleum pipeline plant equipment or auxiliaries illegally acquires, handles or is in possession of any petroleum pipeline plant, equipment auxiliaries;

(h)who trespasses or encroaches on to any petroleum pipeline wayleaves or installations;

(i)who illegally acquires any interest in public land set aside for petroleum infrastructure projects;

(j)being the owner of a retail dispensing site or storage depot, contravenes the provisions of this Act relating to the construction or operation of a retail dispensing or site storage depot;

(k)being the owner or operator of a bulk storage facility for petroleum products, service station or storage depot, or being the owner of any petroleum stocks, hoards petroleum products;

(l)owns or operates an unlicensed petroleum or gas storage, filling or handling facility;

(m)refills, rebrands, trades or otherwise deals with liquefied petroleum gas cylinders of another licensee for gain without the said licensee's prior written consent;

(n)being the owner of a retail dispensing site, under dispenses or sells above any price that may be recommended by licensing authority Cabinet Secretary from time to time;

(o)constructs any facility defined in section 86 without obtaining a construction permit;

(p)is in charge or in control of a petroleum tanker transporting or carrying adulterated petroleum or discharges export petroleum in the country;

(q)owns a petroleum tanker transporting or carrying adulterated petroleum;

commits an offence and shall on conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than—

(i)one million shillings, or a term of imprisonment of not less than one year, or to both such fine and imprisonment; if the offence relates to paragraphs (a), (h), (k) and (p) or

(ii)ten million shillings, or a term of imprisonment of not less than five years, or to such fine and imprisonment, if the offence relates to paragraphs (b), (c), (d) (e), (f), (g), (i), (j), (l), (m), (n), (o) and (q).

(2)A person who attempts to do any such thing as mentioned in subsection (1) commits an offence and shall on conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than—

(a)five hundred thousand shillings or a term of imprisonment of not less than six months or to both such fine and imprisonment if the offence relates to subsection (1)(h); and

(b)five million shillings or a term of imprisonment of not less than three years or to both such fine and imprisonment if the offence relates to subsections (1)(d), (e), (f), (i), (j), and (m).

100. Contraventions by petroleum carrying ships

(1)The owner or master of any ship carrying cargo, any part of which consists of petroleum, who fails to give notice to the port authorities upon entering a port, shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than ten million shillings, or to a term of imprisonment of not less than two years, or to both.

(2)The owner or master of any ship carrying cargo, any part of which consists of petroleum shall comply with any law relating to the transportation of petroleum.

(3)A person who, while within Kenya's Exclusive Economic Zone and Outer Continental Shelf, discharges or allows to escape into the—

(a)petroleum or water mixed with petroleum;

(b)water from bilges or tanks;

(c)water used for flushing pipes and connections; or

(d)sand used to absorb petroleum,

commits an offence and shall on conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than ten million shillings, or to a term of imprisonment of not less than five years, or to both such fine and imprisonment and be responsible, at his or her own cost, for cleaning the water and restoring it to its original status.

(4)The government or a relevant agency shall as is reasonably practicable restore the environment to its former condition and such costs shall be recoverable from the owner or master of ship.

101. Regulations for downstream petroleum

The Cabinet Secretary may, on the recommendation of the Authority , make regulations—

(a)defining the kind of petroleum to which the regulations shall apply, and dividing petroleum into classes or categories and making different provisions with regard to such classes or categories;

(b)providing for the importation, refining, exportation, landing, loading, shipping, transportation, storage, wholesale and retail of petroleum and prescribing a system of licensing for the purposes aforesaid, the manner in which application for any such licence shall be made, the conditions of licence, the authorities which may grant such licences, the fees which may be charged and any other matters incidental thereto;

(c)setting, reviewing and adjusting tariffs and charges for common user storage facilities and refining of petroleum;

(d)providing for importation of petroleum through open tendering system and the manner in which such system shall operate;

(e)providing for maintenance of minimum operational stocks and procedures thereof;

(f)providing for maintenance of strategic stocks and procedures thereof;

(g)providing for the mode of sale, metering, documentation and display of prices of petroleum in retail dispensing sites and depots;

(h)providing for environmental, health and safety standards associated with the handling, storage and use of petroleum;

(i)providing for notice to be given by the owner or master of any ship entering a port with petroleum, and for ascertaining the quantity and specification of any petroleum on board any such ship;

(j)determining the places at which, and the conditions on and subject to which, petroleum may be imported, offloaded, landed, stored, loaded or transhipped;

(k)providing for the delivery to such officer as may be specified, samples of petroleum landed or intended to be landed and for the testing of such sample;

(l)providing for the type and location of the premises in respect of which licences to possess petroleum may be granted, the inspection of premises so licensed and the taking of samples and the testing of petroleum found thereon;

(m)governing the design, construction and operation of pipelines, refineries, bulk liquefied petroleum gas facilities, retail dispensing sites, storage depots and providing for the protection of property and the environment and the safety of the public in the construction and operation thereof;

(n)governing the design and construction of vehicles to be used in the transportation of petroleum by road, rail, inland or coastal waters;

(o)prohibiting or restricting the carriage of goods and passengers in vessels carrying petroleum;

(p)prescribing the quantity of petroleum that may be conveyed at any one time or in any one vehicle;

(q)prescribing the precautions to be observed in the transportation of petroleum, in the manner of packing and the mode and time of transit and in the loading and unloading of vessels used for such transportation;

(r)in consultation with the body responsible for standards, prescribing apparatus for testing petroleum, the tests to be applied and the manner in which tests are to be carried out;

(s)in consultation with the body responsible for standards, appointing inspectors and agents for the testing and examination of petroleum and prescribing their powers and duties;

(t)prescribing the marking of fuels and categories of the petroleum in which such marking shall be carried out;

(u)prescribing for the provision of petroleum data and information to the Authority;

(v)providing for the development and coordination of a National oil spill response plan including measures to prevent oil spills and a mechanism for compensation in the event of an oil spill;

(w)reviewing and approval of contracts on third party access to midstream petroleum infrastructure on reasonable terms and conditions;

(x)reviewing and approval of contracts on the use and access of petroleum logistic facilities;

(y)determining the maximum wholesale and retail prices of petroleum and petroleum products;

(z)prescribing guidelines and standards to be applied by all licensing authorities to ensure uniform standards of operation in the sector;

(aa)governing the qualification and certification of petroleum road tanker drivers;

(bb)on the handling of petroleum products in aviation;

(cc)on the joint procurement of petroleum products;

(dd)prescribing requirements for undertaking businesses dealing with lubricants; and

(ee)generally for the better carrying out of the objects and purposes of this Act.

102. Licensee to furnish information

It shall be the duty of every licensee to furnish to the licensing authority at such times and in such form and manner, such information as the licensing authority may, in writing, require.

103. False information

A licensee who makes a false statement or a statement which he has reason to believe is untrue, to the Cabinet Secretary, or to the Authority, committee, agent or an officer acting on behalf of the Authority, as required under this Act, commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten million shillings or imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.

104. Disclosure of information

Information obtained under section 103 relating to any matter shall not be published or otherwise disclosed to a third party without prior consent in writing from the person from whom the information was obtained:Provided that nothing in this section shall restrict—

(a)the disclosure of such information—

(i)to the Cabinet Secretary for the time being responsible for petroleum;

(ii)to any officer or authority having functions in relation to petroleum, policy development or economic planning of petroleum business in Kenya; and

(iii)in furtherance of a right to a person as provided for under the Constitution;

(b)the use of such information in any manner, which the Authority deems necessary or expedient in connection with the objects of this Act.

105. Licensing authorities not to discriminate

While discharging its functions and exercising its powers under the Act, a licensing authority shall ensure that no particular person is given undue preference or subjected to any undue disadvantage.

106. Prosecution of offences

The Director Public Prosecutions shall, on the request of the Commission, appoint any officer of the Commission or an advocate of the High Court to be a public prosecutor for the purposes of prosecuting offences under this Act.

107. Consolidated Energy Fund

(1)The Cabinet Secretary shall establish the Consolidated Petroleum Fund to cater for strategic petroleum reserve.

(2)The sources of funds shall be—

(a)appropriations from Parliament;

(b)contributions from the petroleum sector players;

(c)Government securities and corporate bonds;

(d)recovered assets from proceeds of crime in the petroleum sector;

(e)grants, gifts and donations; and

(f)monetary sanctions imposed by the Authority.

(3)For the avoidance of doubt, the fund shall be managed in accordance with the Public Finance Management Act (Cap. 412A).

(4)The Cabinet Secretary may prescribe regulations for the management of the Fund.

Part X – USE OF LAND FOR PETROLEUM OPERATIONS

108. Access to land

(1)Where a contractor or licensee intends to enter upon any land for the purposes of conducting petroleum operations, access to such lands shall be governed pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution and the relevant land laws.

(2)A person who wishes to enter upon any land, other than that person's land to—

(a)undertake exploratory activities relating to petroleum operations; or

(b)carry out a survey of the land for the purposes of paragraph (a); shall seek the prior consent of the owner of such land, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld:

Provided that where the owner cannot be traced, the applicant shall give thirty days' notice, by public advertisement, in at least two newspapers of nationwide circulation an announcement in a radio station of local coverage for a period of two weeks, the Gazette and through such other appropriate forum so as to ensure that the information is widely publicized within the local community in which the land exists.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary shall prescribe the forms and procedures for seeking and granting of the consent.

109. Power of entry to inspect land

The National Land Commission may authorize in writing, any person to enter upon any land specified in section 108 to inspect the land and to do all things that may be reasonably necessary to ascertain whether the land is suitable for the intended purpose.Provided that if there is any damage resulting from such entry the applicant shall pay in full, just compensation as is payable under the relevant written laws and as shall be prescribed by regulations.

110. Consent to proposal

(1)An owner, after receipt of a request for consent under section 108 shall consent in writing to the development of petroleum operations, upon agreement being reached with the applicant as to the amount of compensation payable, if any, and any consent so given shall be binding on all parties having an interest in the land, subject to the following provisions—

(a)that any compensation to be paid by the contractor or licensee giving notice to the owner, in cases where the owner is under incapacity or has no power to consent to the application except under this Act, shall be paid to the legal representative of the owner;

(b)that an occupier or person other than the owner interested in the land shall be entitled to compensation for any loss or damage he may sustain by the development of petroleum infrastructure so long as the claim is made within three months after the development; and

(c)that any compensation payable under paragraph (a) or (b) shall be paid within a period of four months from the date of issuance of the consent and in full to the person entitled to such compensation.

(2)No consent expressed in writing in accordance with subsection (1) shall be void by reason only of non-compliance with any statutory requirements as to registration.

111. Objection to proposal

(1)Any person who objects to a proposal to develop petroleum infrastructure on his land shall raise his objection in accordance with the provisions of the relevant written laws.

(2)In the case of acquisition of rights of way or way leaves, the person shall raise the objection in accordance with the provisions of the relevant written laws.

112. Payment of compensation

If any difficulty or question arises as to the person entitled to compensation payable under this Act, the determination on entitlement shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the relevant written laws.

113. Power of the contractor or licensee to enter land to inspect or repair upstream petroleum infrastructure

(1)After petroleum infrastructure has been laid in accordance with this Act, the contractor or any person authorised by the contractor or licensee may, from time to time as it becomes necessary, enter the land on which the petroleum infrastructure is laid with such assistance as may be necessary, for the purpose of operating, inspecting or repairing the infrastructure, or removing such infrastructure in case where the infrastructure is no longer required.

(2)Where petroleum infrastructure is removed, the surface of the land shall forthwith be restored to its former condition as far as possible by the contractor or licensee and in default thereof restoration may be carried out by the owner of the land, and the costs thereof shall be recoverable from the contractor or licensee.

114. Liability of contractor or licensee to make compensation for damage

The provisions of this Act shall not relieve a contractor or licensee of the liability to make compensation to the owner or occupier of any land or the agents, workmen or servants of the owner or occupier of any land which is the subject of the provisions of this Act, for damage, loss or loss of use caused by the exercise or use of any power or authority conferred by this Act or by any irregularity, trespass or other wrongful proceeding in the execution of this Act, or by the loss or damage or breaking of any petroleum infrastructure, or by reason of any defect in such infrastructure.

115. Installation of petroleum infrastructure along roads, railways, etc

(1)For the purpose of the production and transportation of petroleum, a contractor or licensee may erect, fix, install or lay any oil or gas pipelines, other infrastructure or apparatus in, through, upon, under, over or across any public street, road, railway, tramway, river, canal, harbour or National Government property in the manner and on the conditions as provided in this Act and any other relevant law.

(2)Subject to the provisions of this section, a contractor may break up any street within his area of operation, and may erect petroleum infrastructure along, under or over any such street, and may, from time to time, operate, repair, alter or remove any such infrastructure so erected, laid or constructed:Provided that the person having the control of such street road, railway, tramway, river, canal, harbour or National Government property shall have a prior right to break up and repair such street with reasonable dispatch upon payment to him of a reasonable charge by the contractor or licensee.

(3)A contractor or licensee shall, not less than thirty days before exercising any power conferred upon him by this section, give notice in writing to the person concerned of the intention to do so, except in a case of emergency and in such case the contractor shall notify the person concerned as soon as possible after the emergency has arisen.

(4)The powers conferred upon a contractor or licensee by this section shall, except in a case of emergency, be exercised only under the superintendence of the person concerned and according to a plan showing the location or route and in terms of specifications approved by the person concerned, or, if any dispute arises in respect of such plan, route or specifications, as may be approved by the licensing authority:Provided that if the said person concerned fails to exercise the powers of superintendence conferred by this section the contractor or licensee may, after giving notice, exercise those powers without such superintendence.

(5)Whenever a contractor or licensee carries out any work authorized by this section, he shall comply with the legislation, if any, of the county government concerned and shall complete that work with reasonable dispatch and reinstate the street broken up and remove any debris or rubbish occasioned thereby and shall, while the street is broken up or obstructed, cause the works to be, at all times, fenced and guarded and during the night, adequately lit.

(6)If the contractor or licensee fails or unreasonably delays in carrying out the work referred to in subsection (5), the county government concerned may cause the work to be executed at the expense of the said contract.

(7)A contractor or licensee shall pay to the said county government the costs reasonably and necessarily incurred by it in executing such work.

(8)Nothing in this section shall be construed as relieving a contractor or licensee of any liability in respect of any loss or damage caused by his negligence in carrying out such work or by his failure to comply with the provisions of this section.

116. Compulsory acquisition of land

(1)If the Cabinet Secretary is satisfied that the holder of a license under this Act—

(a)reasonably requires land for purposes of constructing, modifying or operating any petroleum infrastructure or for incidental purposes; and

(b)has failed to acquire the land by agreement after making reasonable attempts to do so,

the Cabinet Secretary may apply to the agency responsible for the management of the land to acquire it compulsorily under the relevant written laws.

(2)The compensation for the compulsory acquisition of land or rights in land shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the relevant land laws and any other relevant law.

(3)Whenever, in the course of carrying out petroleum operations, any disturbance of the rights of the owner or occupier of private land, or damage to the land, or to any crops, trees, buildings, stock or works therein or thereon is caused, the contractor or licensee shall be liable on demand to pay to the owner or occupier such compensation as is fair and reasonable having regard to the extent of the disturbance or damage and to the interest of the owner or occupier in the land.

(4)If the contractor or licensee fails to pay compensation when demanded under subsection (3), or if the owner or occupier is dissatisfied with the amount of compensation offered to him, the owner or occupier may, within six months of the date on which the demand or offer is made, take proceedings before a court of competent jurisdiction for the determination and recovery of compensation, if any, properly payable under subsection (3).

Part XI – MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

117. Dispute resolution

(1)All disputes between parties to a petroleum agreement arising from upstream petroleum operations shall be resolved through alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in the first instance as may be provided for in by the petroleum agreement.

(2)Any other disputes arising from an upstream regulated function under this Act shall be referred to the Authority for determination in the first instance.

(3)Any person who is dissatisfied with the decision of the Authority under subsection (2) may appeal to the Tribunal.

(4)Despite the provisions of subsections (1) and (2), the Tribunal shall have original civil jurisdiction on any dispute arising out of the bidding rounds carried out under this Act.

(5)The Tribunal shall have original civil jurisdiction on any dispute between a licensee and a third party or between licensees in midstream and downstream petroleum operations.

(6)The Tribunal shall have appellate jurisdiction over the decisions of the Authority and any licensing authority in midstream and downstream petroleum operations and in exercise of its functions may refer any matter back to the Authority or any licensing authority for re-consideration.

118. Indemnity of the Government of the Republic of Kenya

A contractor under a petroleum agreement shall keep the national government indemnified against all actions, claims and demands that may be brought or made against the national government by reason of anything done by the contractor in the exercise of the rights under the petroleum agreement.

119. Framework for reporting, transparency and accountability

(1)In accordance with this Act, the Cabinet Secretary shall develop a framework for reporting, transparency and accountability in the upstream petroleum sector, which includes the publication of all petroleum agreements, records, annual accounts and reports of revenues, fees, taxes, royalties and other charges, as well as, any other relevant data and information that support payments made by the contractor and payments received by the national government, county governments and local communities.

(2)For reporting purposes, the transparency and accountability framework for the upstream petroleum sector shall be disaggregated into each petroleum agreement, non-exclusive permit, drilling permit, production permit, and plug and abandonment permit in the following categories—

(a)payment type by each contractor (i.e., taxes, fees, royalties, and other charges);

(b)production volumes by each contractor measured at the delivery point of sale;

(c)transfers of all upstream petroleum sector revenues from the national government to county governments and communities, including royalties; and

(d)all contractor contributions in cash or in kind to county governments and local communities.

120. Orders of forfeiture

Where a person is convicted of an offence under this Act, in addition to any other penalty imposed, an order shall be made—

(a)for the forfeiture of any vehicle, aircraft, vessel or equipment used in the commission of the offence;

(b)for the forfeiture of petroleum recovered in the course of the commission of the offence;

(c)for the payment by that person to the national government of an amount equal to the proceeds of the sale of the petroleum so received; or

(d)for the payment by that person to the national government of the value at the wellhead, assessed by the court in respect of the quantity recovered or for the payment of such a part of that amount as the court, having regard to all the circumstances, deems fit.

121. Offences deemed to be economic crimes

(1)A person who wilfully—

(a)acquires illegally or deals illegally in land set aside for upstream petroleum infrastructure projects;

(b)vandalises or attempts to vandalise upstream petroleum installations and infrastructure;

(c)steals or attempts to steal any upstream petroleum equipment or appliance or handles any upstream petroleum equipment or appliance, otherwise than in the course of stealing, knowing or having reason to believe the equipment or appliance may be stolen, or dishonestly receives or retains the equipment or appliance, or dishonestly undertakes, or assists in its retention, removal, disposal or realization by or for the benefit of himself or another person or if he arranges to do so;

(d)destroys or damages upstream petroleum infrastructure; or

(e)maliciously misinforms the public on matters of upstream petroleum with criminal intent or driven by gain leading to economic sabotage,

commits an offence and shall upon conviction, be liable to a fine of not less than Kenya shillings one hundred million, or to a term of imprisonment for a term not less than fifteen years, or to both.

(2)Any vessel used to convey the vandalised equipment or appliance in the attempted vandalism detailed in subsection (1) shall be forfeited to the state.

(3)Civil recovery may also be instituted in a court of competent jurisdiction to make good the loss suffered.

122. Offences by body corporates or their employees

An employer or principal shall be liable for an offence committed by an employee or agent under this Act, unless the employer or principal proves that the offence was committed against the employer's or principal's express or standing directions.

123. Penalties not to affect other liabilities

The penalties imposed under this Act shall be in addition to and not in derogation of any liabilities in respect of payment of compensation or revocation of a petroleum agreement or permit as the case may be.

124. General penalty

Where any default in or contravention of any of the provisions of this Act is made for which no fine or penalty is expressly stated, the person so defaulting or contravening shall on conviction be liable to a fine of not less than Kenya shillings five million.

125. Community rights

Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and any other written law, the community shall have the right to—

(a)be informed through an appropriate communication strategy prior to carrying out of any upstream petroleum operations within their county and sub-county;

(b)put forward any inquiries, interrogate planned activities which directly or indirectly affect their interaction with the ecosystem during the preliminary phase of awarding of petroleum licenses for consideration;

(c)adequate compensation for land taken over for upstream petroleum operations in accordance with relevant land laws and the Constitution;

(d)be compensated by any contractor who causes environmental damage or pollution;

(e)be compensated for any injury and/or illness directly or indirectly related to the upstream petroleum operations if the contractor was in a position to take measures to prevent the occurrence of the same;

(f)compensation for damage to property and lost source of revenue or livelihood as a result of upstream petroleum operations taking place in their immediate surroundings;

(g)be educated and sensitized on upstream petroleum operations within their county and sub-county; and

(h)participate in planning for corporate social responsibility projects that are to be implemented within the contract area by the contractor in consultation with the national government and a county government.

126. Cabinet Secretary may make Regulations

(1)The Cabinet Secretary may, on the recommendation of the Authority and subject to sections 11 and 127, make regulations for or with respect to any matter that by this Act is required or permitted to be prescribed, or that is necessary or expedient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.

(2)The regulations to be made under this Act may be formulated by the Authority on its own motion or may be proposed to the Authority by any contractor, Operator person.

(3)Before making recommendation of any regulations to the Cabinet Secretary under this Act, the Authority shall publish the proposed regulations for purposes of inviting proposals from the public, in such manner as it may deem fit, at least thirty days before the regulations are submitted to the Cabinet Secretary.

(4)The regulations made by the Cabinet Secretary in accordance with this section may, impose conditions, requiring acts or things to be performed or done to the satisfaction of the Authority, prohibiting acts or things from being performed or done and may prescribe periods or dates upon, within or before which such acts or things shall be performed or done or within which such conditions shall be fulfilled.

(5)The regulations made under this Act may be made for a limited period or without limit of period, and may be made subject to such conditions as the Cabinet Secretary deems fit, and may contain such supplemental and consequential provisions as the Cabinet Secretary considers necessary for giving full effect to this Act.

127. Regulations

Without limiting the generality of section 126, the Cabinet Secretary may make regulations with respect to the following—

(a)the rates, or the method of setting the rates, at which petroleum and water may be recovered from any well or petroleum reservoir;

(b)the fees including and not limited to surface fees, training fees and signature bonus, royalties or any other payments to be made by the contractor under a petroleum agreement;

(c)the opening up of areas for upstream petroleum operations;

(d)terms and conditions for petroleum agreements;

(e)requirements and procedures for unitization;

(f)terms and conditions for the application and approval of non-exclusive exploration permit;

(g)terms and conditions for the application and approval of drilling permits;

(h)authority granted under a drilling permit, procedures and methods for drilling wells;

(i)terms and conditions for the application and approval of production permits;

(j)authority granted under a production permit, procedures and methods for the production wells;

(k)terms and conditions for the application and approval of plugging and abandonment permits;

(l)authority granted under a plugging and abandonment permit, procedures and methods for the plugging and abandonment of wells;

(m)the contractor's schedule for exploration and production within a block;

(n)obligations for exploration operations and associated expenditures;

(o)procedure, conditions and terms for the assignment or transfer of rights and obligations of a contractor under a petroleum agreement;

(p)registration of contractors;

(q)operations and management of the National Data Centre;

(r)the manner in which reports, data, information and accounts relating to upstream petroleum operations shall be submitted to the Authority;

(s)conduct of field inspections, controls and enforcement methods and procedures of the contractors' operations;

(t)procedures regarding the revocation or termination of petroleum agreements and decommissioning, abandonment and site rehabilitation;

(u)conduct of upstream petroleum operations, conservation of petroleum resources and measures relating to safety, environmental protection and the management, production, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of waste, pollution and accidents;

(v)procedures and terms for performance security measures required to be provided by contractors;

(w)procedures for protection, safety, and security of contractor personnel, equipment, materials, facilities, and supplies in petroleum operations;

(x)criteria for the evaluation of the petroleum agreement applications and approval of requests for extensions of petroleum agreements;

(y)terms and conditions for the exploration, production, development, allocation and sharing of petroleum;

(z)terms and conditions for flaring of natural gas during facility and well testing, emergencies or for safety reasons;

(aa)regulations to govern the interests of the County Governments and local communities where upstream petroleum operations are being conducted;

(bb)local content development, capacity building and development in the upstream petroleum sector;

(cc)construction, erection, maintenance, operation or use of upstream petroleum facilities;

(dd)pressure maintenance in, or the re-pressuring of a petroleum reservoir by re-injection of natural gas;

(ee)secondary or tertiary recovery of petroleum from a petroleum reservoir and the methods to be used in such recovery;

(ff)re-injection wells that are for sub-surface disposal of petroleum waste, brine, waste water and other substances produced in association with the exploration for or the recovery of petroleum;

(gg)viable use and sustainable markets for (associated and/or non-associated) natural gas discoveries;

(hh)methods to be used for the measurement of petroleum, brines and liquid wastes, and other substances produced from a well or petroleum reservoir;

(ii)requirements for the submittal of well samples, including petroleum, brine and liquid wastes, gas, rock chips, and rock cores to the Authority, receipt and analysis of well logs, geophysical surveys, geologic mapping, down-hole geological and engineering investigations, well construction and other forms of technical reports and research documents;

(jj)co-ordination of contractor safety, emergency preparedness and evacuation procedures, and suspension of upstream petroleum operations;

(kk)framework for transparency and accountability in the upstream petroleum sector;

(ll)guidelines for accreditation of institutions offering or intending to offer training in upstream petroleum operations; and

(mm)formation of business relationships between international oil companies and Kenyan companies for the purpose of technology, experience, knowledge and expertise acquisition;

(nn)the manner in which information on upstream petroleum can be accessed;

(oo)the method of public consultations and participation; and

(pp)a grievance redress process to the Authority.

Part XII – REPEALS, SAVINGS AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

128. Repeals, savings and transitional provisions

(1)Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), the Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act (Cap. 308) is repealed.

(2)Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1)—

(a)anything done under the provisions of the Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act (now repealed) or the Cabinet Secretary under the Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act (now repealed) before the commencement of this Act shall be deemed to have been done under the provisions of this Act;

(b)any statutory instrument issued by the Cabinet Secretary under the provisions of the Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act (now repealed) before the commencement of this Act shall be deemed statutory instruments granted by the Cabinet Secretary under the provisions of this Act and shall remain in force until specifically revoked under this Act;

(c)any revocation of a license under this Act shall not exempt the contractor from any liabilities to which the contractor may have become liable under the Act before such revocation;

(d)taxes, profit petroleum and royalties arising from upstream petroleum operations from the effective date of this Act shall be collected by the body responsible for collection of taxes and revenues in Kenya;

(e)any subsidiary legislation issued before the commencement of this Act shall, as long as it is not inconsistent with this Act, remain in force until repealed or revoked by subsidiary legislation under the provisions of this Act and shall, for all intents and purposes be deemed to have been made under this Act; and

(f)the contractual rights, privileges, liabilities and obligations existing pursuant to the Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act are preserved.

(3)The powers and functions of the Authority under this Act shall in the interim period before the Authority is operationalized be exercised by the Energy Regulatory Commission established under section 4 of the Energy Act, 2006 and the Ministry of Petroleum.

(4)The Cabinet Secretary shall, within one year of the coming into force of this Act, operationalize the Authority by notice in the Gazette.

SCHEDULE [s. 18]

MODEL PRODUCTION SHARING CONTRACT

PRODUCTION SHARING CONTRACT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA AND

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This CONTRACT, is made and entered into on the .......................... 20 ............ by and between the Government of the Republic of Kenya (hereinafter referred to as the "Government") represented for the purpose of this contract by the Cabinet Secretary for the time being responsible for Petroleum (hereinafter referred to as the "Cabinet Secretary") and ...................... incorporated under the Laws of Kenya ........................... and having a registered place of business at ................., Kenya (hereinafter referred to as the "Contractor" which expression includes its successors and assignees).(Note: to be amended in case of a Contractor consisting of several entities.)The Government and the Contractor herein are referred to either individually as "Party" or collectively as "Parties".WITNESSETH:WHEREAS the title to all petroleum existing in its natural condition in the territory of Kenya is vested in the Government; andWHEREAS the Government wishes to promote and encourage the exploration and the development of Petroleum throughout the contract area; andWHEREAS the contractor desires to join and assist the Government in accelerating the exploration and development of the potential Petroleum within the contract area; andWHEREAS the contractor has the financial ability, technical competence and professional skills necessary to carry out the upstream petroleum operations hereinafter described; andWHEREAS in accordance with the Petroleum Act (Cap. 308), enacted by the Parliament of the Republic of Kenya, agreements, in the form of production sharing contracts, may be entered into between the Government and contractors;NOW THEREFORE, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

Part I - INTERPRETATION AND SCOPE

1.Scope

(1)This contract is a production sharing contract made pursuant to the Act and regulations.

(2)Subject to this contract, the contractor shall—

(a)have the exclusive right to carry on upstream petroleum operations for the duration of the contract at its sole cost, risk and expense; and shall therefore have an economic interest in the development of petroleum in the contract area;

(b)provide all capital, machinery, equipment, facilities, technology and personnel necessary for the conduct of upstream petroleum operations;

(c)as further provided in this contract, share in the petroleum from the contract area; and

(d)be responsible to the Government for the execution of upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the provisions of this contract;

(e)Without prejudice to the contractor's position as an independent contractor hereunder, the extent and character of such work to be done by the contractor shall be subject to the general supervision, review and approval by the Cabinet Secretary, to whom the contractor shall report and be responsible as set forth herein and in the Act and regulations.

(3)The contractor is not authorized to carry on upstream petroleum operations in any part of Kenya outside the contract area other than in accordance with an authorization granted under the provisions of the Act.

(4)This contract does not authorize the contractor to process and conduct upstream petroleum operations beyond the delivery point.

2.InterpretationIn this contract, words in the singular include the plural and vice versa, and except where the context otherwise requires—"accounting procedure" means the accounting procedures and requirements set out in Appendix "B" attached hereto and made an integral part hereof;"Act" means the Petroleum Act (Cap. 308) ;"affiliate" means a person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with another person;"appointee" means a body corporate wholly owned or controlled by the Government, and appointed for the purposes of this contract;"arm's length price" means arm's length price as defined in the Income Tax Act (Cap. 470);"associated natural gas" means (i) any natural gas dissolved in crude oil under reservoir conditions and (ii) any residue gas remaining after the extraction of crude oil from a reservoir;"Authority" means the Authority established under the Act for the regulation of the upstream petroleum operations;"barrel" means a quantity consisting of 158.987 litres at standard atmospheric pressure of 1.01325 bars and temperature of fifteen degrees centigrade (15°C);"best petroleum industry practices" means such practices, methods, standards, and procedures generally accepted and followed internationally by prudent, diligent, skilled and experienced operators in the upstream petroleum operations, including practices, methods, standards, and procedures intended to—

(a)conserve petroleum by maximizing recovery of petroleum in a technically and economically sustainable manner;

(b)promote operational safety and prevention of accidents; and

(c)protect the environment by minimizing the impact of upstream petroleum operations;

"block" means acreage as defined by specific geographic coordinates for purposes of upstream petroleum operations as provided by section 15 of the Act;"brine" means all saline geological formation water resulting from, obtained from, or produced in connection with exploration, drilling, well stimulation, production of oil or gas, or plugging of a well;"Cabinet Secretary" means the Cabinet Secretary for the time being responsible for petroleum;"calendar quarter” or "quarter” means a period of three (3) consecutive months commencing with the first day of January, April, July and October;"calendar year" means a period of twelve (12) consecutive months commencing with the first day of January in any year and ending the last day of December in that year, according to the Gregorian calendar;"commercial assessment period" means the period commencing, at the request of the contractor, at the time when report regarding the evaluation work programme relating to the discovery of non-associated natural gas has been submitted by the contractor;"commercial discovery" means a discovery of petroleum which has been duly evaluated in accordance with the provisions of clause 0, and which can be produced commercially according to best petroleum industry practice, after the consideration of all pertinent technical and economic data;"commercial production" means the quantity of petroleum produced on a regular basis from a commercial field, saved and not used in upstream petroleum operations;"commercial field" means the geological structure or feature which hosts one or more reservoirs from which petroleum production may be commercially undertaken through a defined set of facilities;"conservation of petroleum resources" means prevention and minimization of wastage of petroleum, protection of correlative rights and maximization of ultimate economic recovery;"Constitution" means the Constitution of the Republic of Kenya;"contract area" means the area covered by this contract, and described in Appendix "A", and any such area as may be modified in accordance with the terms of this contract, including through amendments, surrender, withdrawal, extension, or otherwise;"contract year" means twelve (12) consecutive calendar months from the effective date or from the anniversary thereof;"contractor" means the contractor as defined in the Act;"control" in relation to any person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management by that person, whether through the ownership of shares, voting, securities, partnership or other ownership or participation interests, agreements or otherwise;"crude oil" means all hydrocarbons regardless of gravity which are produced at the wellhead in liquid state at atmospheric conditions of temperature and pressure, and the liquid hydrocarbons known as distillates or condensate or natural gas liquids obtained from natural gas by condensation or extraction;"decommissioning" means abandonment, recovery and removal and disposal, or if applicable re-deployment, of wells, flow lines, pipelines, facilities, infrastructure and assets related to upstream petroleum operations;"decommissioning costs” means all the costs and expenditures incurred by the contractor when carrying out decommissioning operations, including those defined in the accounting procedure;"decommissioning plan" means the plan for the decommissioning, abandonment, recovery and removal, or if applicable redeployment, of wells, flow lines, pipelines, facilities, infrastructure, and assets related to upstream petroleum operations;"delivery point" means the point at which petroleum passes through the intake valve of the pipeline, vessel, vehicle or craft at a terminal, refinery, processing plant in Kenya or such other point as may be agreed by the Government and the contractor, with such point to be specified in the production sharing contract;"development area" means the area delimited in a development plan adopted under clause 29 hereof;"development costs" means all the costs and expenditures incurred by the contractor when carrying out development operations, including those defined in the accounting procedure;"drilling permit” means a permit issued by the Authority, which allows the contractor to conduct drilling operations of an individual well that includes construction of a well, a well site and access road to the well site, and the ability of the contractor to move and use facilities, equipment, supplies, and materials to the well site during drilling, monitoring, appraisal and evaluation activities of upstream petroleum operations;"economic limit" means that point in the life of the field where expected revenue to the contractor from upstream petroleum operations is insufficient to cover the operating costs to continue upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the requirements of the contract;"effective date" means the date falling ninety days after this Contract has been executed by the contractor and the Government when the contractor shall commence operations;"equity participant” means any person who is for the time being a component of the contractor, and its successors or any assignee(s) of its interest in the contract or under this contract, provided that the assignment of any such interest is accomplished pursuant to the provisions of clause 47 hereof;“execution date” means the date this contract has been signed by the contractor and the Government;"exploration and appraisal costs" means all the costs and expenditures incurred by the contractor when carrying out exploration or appraisal operations, including those defined in the accounting procedure;"exploration operations" include geological, geochemical and geophysical surveys and analysis, aerial mapping, investigations of subsurface geology, stratigraphic test drilling, drilling exploratory wells, mud and wireline logging and work necessarily connected therewith;"exploratory well" means a well drilled in search of petroleum to test a geological feature which has not been determined to contain petroleum in commercial quantities;“facility” includes—

(a)any structure, device, roads, or other associated installations or infrastructure including wells, flow lines, pipelines, separators, storage tanks, drilling rigs, gas processing plants, rail stations, pump stations, compressor stations and equipment constructed, placed or used in order to carry out petroleum operations;

(b)vessel, vehicle or craft when stationary and used for drilling or support of ongoing upstream petroleum operations; and

(c)vessel, vehicle or craft for transportation of petroleum in bulk when connected to a facility for loading of petroleum;

"first production" means, with respect to a development area, the moment when commercial production of crude oil or non-associated natural gas (as the case may be) first commences from that development area, by flowing at the rate forecast in the development plan without interruption for a minimum of forty-eight (48) hours;"fiscal year" means a period of twelve (12) consecutive months corresponding to the year of income as defined in the Income Tax Act (Cap. 470);"flow line" or "gathering line" means those segments of pipe complete with equipment, such as pumping or compressor stations, separators, storage tanks, communication systems and valves, for transporting petroleum from the wellhead in the contract area to the junction of a trunk pipeline or a transmission pipeline;"Income Tax Act" means the Income Tax Act (Cap. 470) of Kenya as amended from time to time;"LIBOR" means the London Interbank Offered Rate for one month deposits of US Dollars displayed on page "LIBOR01" of the Reuters Money Rates Service (or any other page that replaces page "LIBOR01" for the purposes of displaying the British Bankers Association (BBA) interest settlement rates for such deposits of US Dollars in the London Interbank market) on the date of determination, or in the event the Reuters Money Rates Service, or a successor thereto, no longer provides such information, such other service as may be agreed by the parties hereto that provides the BBA interest settlement rates for such deposits of US Dollars in the London Interbank market and any other required information previously provided on page "LIBOR01";"local content" means the added value brought to the Kenyan economy from petroleum related activities through systematic development of national capacity and capabilities and investment in developing and procuring locally available work force, services and supplies, for the sharing of accruing benefits;"Market Evaluation Report" means a report for a potentially commercial natural gas discovery by the contractor identifying potential market for natural gas, expected volumes for such market, infrastructure potentially required to access such market and expectations of price for the natural gas supplied to such market;"maximum efficient rate" means the rate at which the maximum ultimate economic petroleum recovery is obtained from a commercial field without excessive rate of decline in reservoir pressure, and consistent with best petroleum industry practice;"ministry” means the Ministry for the time being responsible for petroleum in Kenya;"natural gas" means hydrocarbons that are in a gaseous phase at atmospheric conditions of temperature and pressure, including wet mineral gas, dry mineral gas, casing head gas and residue gas remaining after the extraction or separation of liquid hydrocarbons from wet gas, and non-hydrocarbon gas produced in association with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons;"non-associated natural gas" means any natural gas that is not associated natural gas;"operator" means the designated entity that is responsible for managing the day to day operation of oil and gas exploration, development and production;"person" means any natural or juridical person;"petroleum" means all hydrocarbons and includes crude oil and natural gas, whether capable of being produced from conventional and unconventional reservoirs, including shale oil, oil shale, shale gas, coal bed methane gas, tar sands, and other sources of hydrocarbon reserves;"petroleum agreement" means the agreement, contract, license or other arrangement between the National Government and a contractor to conduct upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the provisions of the Act;"petroleum costs" means expenditure made and obligations incurred and paid by the contractor in carrying out upstream petroleum operations hereunder, determined in accordance with the accounting procedure attached hereto in Appendix "B" and made a part hereof;"upstream petroleum operations" means all or any of the operations related to the exploration, development, production, separation and treatment, storage and transportation of petroleum up to the agreed delivery point;"plugging and abandonment permit" means a permit issued by the Authority, which allows the contractor to conduct plugging and abandonment operations of an individual well, which includes the proper methodology as approved by the Authority, and complete restoration of the individual well site and well site access road and removal of all equipment, supplies and materials used during the drilling and production licensed upstream petroleum operations;"production costs" means all the costs and expenditures incurred by the contractor when carrying out production operations, including those defined in the accounting procedure;"production permit" means a permit issued by the Authority, which allows the contractor to conduct production operations of an individual well and includes and not limited to the system of production facilities, such as tank batteries, production units, flow lines and gathering lines, and other equipment, as deemed necessary, to conduct production activities;"production sharing contract" means a petroleum agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kenya and a contractor, which enables the contractor to explore, develop and produce petroleum within a contract area;"regulations" means the Regulations made under the Act as from time to time amended;"revenue" means the expected revenues derived from the conveyance and sale of petroleum at the delivery point together with any firm tariff income earned by the field facilities, if any;"semester" means a period of six (6) consecutive months, commencing with the first day of January or the first day of July of a calendar year;"underground injection control well" or "UIC well" means an individual non-commercial existing well that is converted to a brine injection well for the sole purpose of disposal of brine and liquid waste and includes all facilities necessary to conduct safe injection operations;"underground injection control well permit" means a permit issued by the Authority, which allows the contractor to convert an individual existing well to a brine injection well for the disposal of brine and liquid waste and includes all facilities necessary to conduct safe injection operations;"well" means any borehole, whether drilled or bored, within Kenya for production, extraction, or injection of any petroleum or liquids, excluding fresh water to be used as such, but including natural or artificial brines and well treatment chemicals.

Part II - TERM, EXPLORATION OBLIGATIONS AND TERMINATION

3.Term

(1)The contractor is authorized to conduct exploration operations within the contract area during an initial exploration period of ..................................... contract years from the effective date.

(2)The contractor shall begin exploration operations on the effective date.

(3)Upon written application by the contractor made not later than thirty (30) days prior to the expiry of the initial exploration period, the Cabinet Secretary shall, if the contractor has fulfilled its work and expenditure obligations under this contract, grant a first additional exploration period of ................................... contract years.

(4)Upon written application by the contractor made not later than thirty (30) days prior to the expiry of the first additional exploration period hereof, the Cabinet Secretary shall, if the contractor has fulfilled its work and expenditure obligations under this contract, grant a second additional exploration period of ........................... contract years.

(5)In order to enable the contractor to complete the drilling and testing of an exploratory well actually being drilled or tested at the end of the second additional exploration period, the Cabinet Secretary shall, on written application by the contractor made not later than ninety (90) days before the expiry of that exploration period, grant an extension for such period as may be necessary for the contractor to complete the drilling and testing of the well, which the contractor shall carry out continuously and diligently, which in any event shall not extend such period by more than one hundred and twenty (120) days.

(6)Unless extended in accordance with the provisions of clause 3, this contract shall expire automatically at the end of the initial exploration period or at the end of any additional exploration period, except as to any development area. However, if the contractor reports, pursuant to sub-clause 28(8) hereof, that a commercial discovery has been made before the expiry of the initial exploration period stipulated in sub-clause 3(1) hereof or any additional exploration period thereof, this contract shall not expire in respect to the relevant development area, but shall continue as to such development area for a term of up to twenty five (25) years from the date of the development plan for that development area is adopted under sub-clause 29(4) hereof.

(7)In the event that the contractor has fulfilled all its obligations for the specified term of the contract, the contractor may request an extension of the development area for a further period not exceeding ten (10) years. The Cabinet Secretary shall consider such a request in accordance with the provisions of the Act.

4.Contract Area Surrender

(1)The contractor shall surrender—

(a)At least twenty five percent (25%) of the net area determined by subtracting the development areas from the original contract area at or before the end of the initial exploration period;

(b)An additional of at least twenty five percent (25%) of the net area determined by subtracting the development areas from the remaining part of the original contract area at or before the end of the first additional exploration period; and

(c)At or before the end of the second additional exploration period, all of the remaining contract area that is not a development area.

(2)The contractor may surrender a part of the contract area and such a voluntary surrender shall be credited against the next surrender obligation of the contractor under sub-clause 4(1).

(3)The shape and size of an area surrendered shall be in a contiguous area of which its longer side shall not be more than three (3) times its shorter side, and shall be approved by the Cabinet Secretary, approval which shall not be unreasonably withheld.

(4)The contractor shall give one (1) year's written notice of surrender in respect of a producing field and thirty (30) days written notice of surrender in respect of any other part of the contract area. In case of a surrender of the entire contract area the contract shall terminate.

(5)No surrender made in accordance with this clause shall relieve the contractor of—

(a)its obligations to comply with the minimum exploration work and expenditure required in clause 5; or

(b)any other obligations which may have accrued prior to the date of surrender.

(6)Upon surrender of any contract area the contractor shall perform all necessary clean-up activities and undertake all necessary restoration and reclamation measures in accordance with the best petroleum industry practices and the relevant laws.

(7)It shall be a requirement for the portion surrendered under this clause to have geological and geophysical data which the contractor shall be under obligation to submit at the time of surrender.

5.Minimum Exploration Work and Expenditure Obligations

(1)The contractor shall carry out the following minimum work and expenditure obligations—

(a)during the initial exploration period of .............................. contract years—

(i)in the event this contract relates to an onshore block, carry out geological, geochemical and geophysical studies, comprising;

(a)the compilation of a technical database;

(b)the performance of a remote sensing study, and

(c)a field visit to verify initial geological, geochemical and geophysical work and remote sensing results and plan for two dimensional seismic acquisition;

(ii)carry out a data search for existing data specific to the contract area, including—

(a)well data, if available;

(b)seismic data and gravity data, if available; and

(c)reprocess seismic data, gravity and magnetic data, if available;

(iii)..................... kms of seismic with a minimum expenditure of U.S. dollars ......................;

(iv)drilling of .......................exploratory wells to a minimum depth of 3,000 meters per well with a minimum expenditure of U.S. dollars ............... for each well;

(b)during the first additional exploration period of.......... contract years drilling of ............... exploratory wells to a minimum depth of ............................. meters per well with minimum expenditure of U.S. dollars .........................for each well;

(c)during the second additional exploration period of .................... contract years drilling of .................... exploratory wells to a minimum depth of ......................... meters per well with a minimum expenditure of U.S. dollars ................ for each well.

(2)The fulfillment of all work obligations shall not relieve the contractor of the corresponding expenditure obligation therein.

(3)If the drilling of an exploratory well is discontinued, prior to reaching the minimum depth herein specified, because that well has encountered the basement, an impenetrable substance or any condition which in accordance with best petroleum industry practice would make it unsafe or impractical to continue drilling, the minimum depth obligation in respect of that well shall be deemed to be fulfilled.

(4)An appraisal well drilled to appraise and evaluate a commercial discovery under an Appraisal Work Programme pursuant to sub-clauses 28(2)and (4) shall not be considered to be an exploratory well for the purpose of fulfilling the required number of exploratory wells.

(5)The minimum exploration expenditure set forth in sub-clause 5(1) are expressed in U.S. dollars of the year of the effective date. In any contract year of either the initial exploration period or of any additional exploration period, for the purpose of comparison of the actual costs incurred and paid by the contractor with the minimum exploration expenditure, the actual costs incurred and paid by the contractor for seismic operations and the drilling of exploratory wells during that contract year shall be converted into constant U.S. dollars by dividing the costs, by the "discount rate" which is the sum of one (1) and the decimal equivalent of the percentage increase in the United States Consumer Price Index, as reported for the first time in the monthly publication "International Financial Statistics" of the International Monetary Fund, between the month of the effective date and the month when such costs were incurred.

(6)The contractor shall submit a revised programmed and a budget in the event that the contractor may incur additional expenditure in relation to the initial minimum expenditure obligation.

(7)On or before the commencement of the initial exploration period or of any additional exploration period the contractor shall provide a security of 50% Bank Guarantee and another 50% by the parent company, in a form acceptable to the Cabinet Secretary, guaranteeing the contractor's minimum work and expenditure obligations under sub-clause 5(1) hereof.

(8)If at the end of either the initial exploration period or of any additional exploration period or upon the date of termination of this contract, whichever occurs first, the contractor has not fulfilled its minimum work obligations under sub-clause 5(1) hereof, and/or its minimum expenditure obligations under sub-clauses 5(1) and 5(5) hereof, the contractor shall pay to the Government the minimum monetary obligation in respect of the work not carried out multiplied by the discount rate, as defined in sub-clause 5(5) and calculated on the last month of that exploration period, and/or the shortfall, if any, between the amount expended, in accordance with sub-clause 5(5), and the minimum monetary obligation for that exploration period, multiplied by the discount rate, as defined herein above.

6.Surface Fees and Signature Bonus

(1)The contractor shall pay, on or before the beginning of the relevant contract year to the Government, the following surface fees—i. U.S. dollars ..................................... per square kilometre per year for the initial exploration period;ii. U.S. dollars .................................... per square kilometre per year for the first additional exploration period; andiii. U.S. dollars ................................... per square kilometre per year for the second additional exploration period or any extension thereof.

(2)The said payments shall be calculated on the basis of the surface area of the contract area on the date those payments are due.

(3)A fee payable under sub-clause 6(1) is not refundable and a late payment shall attract interest in accordance with sub-clause 46(2) hereof.

(4)A signature bonus of U.S. dollars ...................... shall be payable to the Ministry by the contractor upon execution of the contract by the Cabinet Secretary.

7.Termination

(1)Subject to the provisions of the Act, the Cabinet Secretary may terminate this contract by giving the contractor written notice, if the contractor—

(a)fails to make any payment to the Government as required under this contract for a period exceeding thirty (30) days;

(b)becomes insolvent, makes a composition with creditors or goes into liquidation other than for reconstruction or amalgamation; or

(c)fails to provide or maintain the security and insurance stipulated in this contract; or

(d)is in material breach of any other obligation under the Act, regulations or this contract.

(2)The period of notice in respect of sub-clauses 7(1)(a) and (c) hereof shall be thirty (30) days, and in any other case ninety (90) days, but if the contractor remedies the breach within the period of the notice, the Cabinet Secretary shall withdraw the notice. Where the Cabinet Secretary reasonably believes that the contractor is using its best efforts to remedy the default, the Cabinet Secretary may withdraw the notice, accordingly.

(3)When this contract is terminated or expires in whole or in part, the contractor shall conclude the upstream petroleum operations in the area as to which this contract has terminated or expired in an orderly manner minimizing harm to the Government and third parties.

(4)Where control over one of the entities constituting the contractor is changed, the continuation of the contract shall be subject to the consent of the Cabinet Secretary, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, and for the purpose of this sub-clause 7(4) the term "control" shall have the same meaning as set forth in the definition of an affiliate in clause 2.

Part III - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR

8.Rights of the Contractor

(1)The contractor shall have the right to carry out the upstream petroleum operations within the contract area, subject to the provisions of this contract and applicable law for the term hereof.

(2)The contractor is granted the right, subject to applicable law, to enter upon the contract area and conduct upstream petroleum operations there, but permission may be granted to other persons to search for and mine minerals, other than petroleum, so long as they do not unreasonably interfere with the upstream petroleum operations, and easements and rights of way may be granted to other persons for the benefit of land adjacent to the contract area.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary shall recommend to the relevant authorities to grant the necessary permit to the contractor to access—

(i)water in the contract area for the purpose of the upstream petroleum operations but the contractor shall not unreasonably deprive the users of land, domestic settlement or cattle watering place of the water supply to which they are accustomed;

(ii)security within the contract area, and;

(iii)any other services the contractor may require in performance of upstream operations.

(4)The contractor may, for the purpose of the upstream petroleum operations, use gravel, sand, clay and stone in the contract area but not without consent or license granted under the relevant law.

(5)Further to the provisions of section 110 of the Act and subject to the provisions of the Constitution and any written laws, the contractor may exercise all rights granted to it by this contract.

9.General Standards of Conduct

(1)The contractor shall carry out the upstream petroleum operations diligently and in accordance with the provisions of this contract, best petroleum industry practice and applicable law.

(2)Without limiting the foregoing, the contractor shall, in accordance with the Act and regulations—

(a)maintain adequate financial, technical and professional capacity throughout the contract period;

(b)at all times ensure that any sub-contractor or agent of the contractor acting on its behalf possesses the necessary skills and qualifications to perform the work;

(c)ensure that all facilities, such as machinery, plant, equipment, materials, supplies and installations used by the contractor in connection with the upstream petroleum operations are of proper and accepted construction standard and are kept in good repair;

(d)use the resources of the contract area as productively as possible and ensure that petroleum discovered and produced are properly contained during upstream petroleum operations, and brine, drilling fluids, mud or any other liquids, solids or waste substances are properly contained and disposed of during upstream petroleum operations;

(e)prevent damage to producing formations and to adjacent strata which bear petroleum, brine or fresh water, and prevent brine, fresh water and petroleum entering through wells into strata bearing petroleum, except where: (i) approved brine and liquid waste injection well operations, and (ii) secondary and tertiary recovery operations are being conducted;

(f)properly confine petroleum and brine in steel storage tanks constructed for that purpose, and not place petroleum, brine and drilling fluids in open drilling pits and earthen reservoirs for storage or drilling, completions and production operations except temporarily in an emergency;

(g)dispose of oil, brine, salt water and other liquid and solid waste in accordance with best petroleum industry practice, to avoid damage to the environment and pollution; and

(h)comply with the applicable laws of environment protection, health and safety.

10.Joint Liability and Indemnity

(1)Where the contractor consists of more than one person their liability shall be joint and several.

(2)The contractor shall cause as little damage as possible to the surface and subsurface of a contract area including domestic animals, wildlife, trees, crops, buildings, roads, surface waters, underground water aquifers, soils, facilities and infrastructure and other property thereon, and shall forthwith repair any loss or damage caused, and shall pay full and reasonable compensation for any loss suffered as determined by an internationally recognized independent expert appointed by both parties.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary may, if he has reasonable cause to believe that the upstream petroleum operations may endanger persons or property, cause pollution, harm marine life or interfere with navigation and fishing, order the contractor to take reasonable remedial measures or order the contractor to discontinue the relevant upstream petroleum operations until such measures, or mutually agreed alternatives thereto, are implemented.

(4)The contractor shall maintain appropriate and adequate third party liability insurance and workmen's compensation insurance and shall provide the Cabinet Secretary with evidence of those insurances before the upstream petroleum operations begin.

(5)The contractor shall indemnify, defend and render the Government free from all claims and damage which, but for the conduct of the upstream petroleum operations by the contractor or a sub-contractor, would not have arisen or occurred.

11.Wells and Surveys

(1)Unless such notice is waived, the contractor shall not drill a well or borehole or recommence drilling after a one hundred and eighty (180) days' cessation without thirty (30) days' prior notification to the Cabinet Secretary and the Authority which notice shall set forth the contractor's reasons for undertaking such drilling and shall contain a copy of the drilling programme.

(2)The design and construction of a well or borehole and the conduct of drilling shall be in accordance with the drilling permit issued by the Authority and best petroleum industry practice.

(3)No borehole or well in a contract area shall be drilled without a drilling permit from the Authority, which may give special considerations of the distance of the contract boundary area.

(4)Production of a well shall be in accordance with the production permit issued by the Authority and the contractor shall produce the well using best petroleum industry practice and conservation of petroleum resources principles;

(5)Conversion and operation of a well to an underground injection control well shall be in accordance with the underground injection control well permit issued by the Authority and the contractor shall only inject brine and liquid waste into the well, as permitted, using best petroleum industry practice;

(6)Plugging and abandonment of a well shall be in accordance with the plugging and abandonment permit issued by the Authority using best petroleum industry practice;

(7)The contractor shall not—

(a)plug and abandon a well or remove any permanent form of casing therefrom, without giving forty eight (48) hours prior notification to the Authority, and an abandoned well shall be securely plugged to prevent environmental damage, pollution, sub-sea damage, or water entering or escaping from the strata penetrated; or

(b)commence drilling, re-enter or plug a well unless a representative of the Authority has been given a reasonable opportunity to be present.

(8)The contractor shall state, in its application to plug and abandon a well on land, whether that well is capable of providing fresh water supply.

(9)The contractor shall, within sixty (60) days of termination or expiry of this contract or the surrender of part of the contract area, deliver up all productive wells, in the said surrendered area, in good repair and working order together with all casings and installations which cannot be moved without damaging the well, but the Authority may require the contractor to plug and abandon the well at the contractor's expense by notifying the contractor within thirty (30) days after such termination or expiry is effected or at least ninety (90) days prior to surrender of a development area.

(10)Where the contractor applies to permanently plug and abandon an exploratory or an appraisal well in which petroleum of potentially commercial significance has not been found, the Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the Authority may request the contractor to deepen or sidetrack that well and to test the formations penetrated as a result of such operation, or to drill another exploratory or appraisal well within the same prospect area, subject to the following provisions—

(a)any such additional upstream petroleum operations shall be at the sole cost, risk and expense of the Cabinet Secretary and shall be paid for in accordance with the accounting procedure. The Government shall advance to the contractor the funds necessary to conduct the operations;

(b)the contractor shall not undertake such additional work if it will interfere with the conduct of the contractor's upstream petroleum operations or if it is not commercially, technically or operationally feasible;

(c)in the event that the upstream petroleum operations undertaken under this sub-clause 11(10) result in a commercial discovery which the contractor elects to evaluate and/or develop as a commercial field, the contractor shall reimburse the Government six hundred per cent (600%) of the costs and expenses incurred by the Government for the conduct of the operations and such sum shall be paid within thirty (30) days of the notification made by the contractor. If the contractor does not make such election, the Government shall have the right to continue the petroleum operation on this commercial discovery at the sole cost, risk and expense of the Government.

(11)The contractor shall give the Cabinet Secretary and Authority thirty (30) days' notice of any proposed seismic and/or geophysical surveys, which notice shall contain complete details of the programme to be conducted. At the request of the contractor, the Cabinet Secretary may waive the notice period.

12.Offshore Operations

(1)The contractor shall ensure that facilities erected offshore in Kenya's territorial waters and exclusive economic zone shall be—

(a)constructed, placed, marked, buoyed, equipped and maintained so that there are safe and convenient channels for shipping;

(b)fitted with navigational aids approved by the Cabinet Secretary;

(c)illuminated between sunset and sunrise in a manner approved by the Kenya Ports Authority and Kenya Maritime Authority; and

(d)kept in good repair and working order.

(2)The contractor shall pay compensation as determined by expert for any damage to and/or any interference with, including but not limited to fishing rights caused by the upstream petroleum operations.

13.Upstream Petroleum Operations Facilities

(1)With the written consent of the Cabinet Secretary, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, the contractor shall have the right to construct access roads, drill water wells and to place facilities necessary to conduct the upstream petroleum operations, including but not limited to storage tanks, flow lines, shipment installations, transmission pipelines, water pipelines and cables, located inside or outside the contract area. Such consent of the Cabinet Secretary may be conditional on the use by other contractors of the excess capacity, if any, of those facilities. Where the Cabinet Secretary and the contractor agree that a mutual economic benefit can be achieved by constructing and operating common facilities, the contractor shall use its best efforts to reach agreement with other contractors on the construction and operation of such common facilities.

(2)Other contractors may use the facilities of the contractor on payment of a reasonable compensation which includes a reasonable return on investment to the contractor and provided that the use does not unreasonably interfere with the contractor's upstream petroleum operations.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary may after consultation with the Authority and contractor consent to the placement of facilities such as flow lines, transmission pipelines, water pipelines and cables in the contract area by other persons, but those facilities shall not unreasonably interfere with the upstream petroleum operations of the contractor.

(4)Subject to clause 17, on termination or expiration of this contract or surrender of part of the contract area, the contractor shall remove all petroleum operation facilities from the contract area or the part surrendered other than those that are situated in or related to a development area or, at the option of the Cabinet Secretary, the contractor shall transfer them, at no cost, to the Government, in their current condition in which case the Government shall be responsible for operating, maintaining, plugging and abandoning and decommissioning of such facilities.

(5)When the rights of the contractor in respect of a development area terminate, expire or are surrendered, the contractor shall transfer to the Government, at no cost, the upstream petroleum operations facilities that are situated in the development area or that are related thereto, unless such facilities are or may be utilized by the contractor in upstream petroleum operations under this contract, but the Government may require the contractor to remove the facilities at the cost of the contractor in accordance with clause 17.

14.Data and Samples

(1)The contractor shall keep logs and records of the well construction, drilling, deepening, perforations, production, plugging and abandonment of boreholes and wells, in accordance with best petroleum industry practice and containing particulars of—

(a)the strata and sub-soil through which the borehole or well was drilled;

(b)the casing, tubing and down-hole equipment and alterations thereof, inserted in a borehole or well;

(c)petroleum, fresh water aquifers, brine and workable mineral or mine workings encountered; and

(d)any other matter related to upstream petroleum operations required by the Cabinet Secretary and Authority.

(2)The contractor shall record, in an original or reproducible form of good quality, and on seismic tapes where relevant, all geological, geochemical, geophysical and engineering information and data relating to the contract area obtained by the contractor and shall deliver in electronic and hard copies of that information and data, the interpretations thereof and the logs and records of boreholes and wells, to the Authority, in a reproducible form, as soon as is practicable after that information, those interpretations and those logs and records come into the possession of the contractor.

(3)The contractor may remove, for the purpose of laboratory examination or geological analysis, petrological specimens and samples of petroleum, brine and fresh water encountered in a borehole and/or well and, as soon as practicable shall, without charge, give the Authority a representative part of each specimen and/or sample removed, but no specimen or sample shall be exported from Kenya without prior notification to the Authority.

(4)The contractor shall keep records of and supply data and information concerning the upstream petroleum operations, as requested by the Authority.

(5)The contractor shall provide data, information and samples to the Authority in a form and manner as prescribed in the Act and regulations.

15.Reports

(1)The contractor shall supply to the Cabinet Secretary and Authority daily reports on drilling, completions and production operations, and weekly reports on exploration including seismic and geophysical operations.

(2)The contractor shall report in writing to the Cabinet Secretary and Authority the progress of the upstream petroleum operations according to the following Schedule—

(a)within thirty (30) days from the last day of March, June, September and December, covering the previous ninety (90) days;

(b)within ninety (90) days of the last day of December, covering the previous year;

(c)within ninety (90) days of the date of expiry or termination of this contract.

(3)A report under sub-clause 15(2) shall contain, in respect of the period which it covers—

(a)details of the upstream petroleum operations carried out and the factual information obtained;

(b)a description of the area in which the contractor has operated;

(c)an account of the expenditure on upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the accounting procedure;

(d)a plat map including a record of coordinates including all pits, boreholes, wells and facilities used for upstream petroleum operations;

(e)on expiry or termination of this agreement details of the upstream petroleum operations including all the matters described in paragraphs (a) to (d); and

(f)all information required by clause 14 not hitherto supplied.

16.Environmental Provisions

(1)During the performance of the upstream petroleum operations, the contractor shall comply with environmental principles and safeguards prescribed in the Environmental Management and Coordination Act and regulations made thereunder and all other relevant laws and shall take reasonable measures to ensure the protection of the environment and prevention of pollution, in accordance with the best petroleum industry practice in similar physical and ecological environments.

(2)Prior to surrendering a portion of the contract area, the contractor shall take reasonable measures to abandon the area to be surrendered in accordance with best petroleum industry practice in similar physical and ecological environments. Such measures shall include removal and closure of facilities, material and equipment together with reasonable measures necessary for the preservation of fauna, flora and ecosystems, all in accordance with best petroleum industry practice in similar physical and ecological environments. The contractor shall only be responsible for site restoration or environmental damage to the extent the same pertains solely and directly to upstream petroleum operations conducted pursuant to this contract.

(3)The contractor shall take reasonable precautions and measures in accordance with the Kenyan laws and best petroleum industry practice in similar physical and ecological environments to prevent any pollution which may arise directly or indirectly as a result of the upstream petroleum operations and to protect the environment (fauna and flora), water sources and any other natural resources when carrying out upstream petroleum operations.

(4)The contractor shall, in accordance with best petroleum industry practice in similar physical and ecological environments, respect the preservation of property, agricultural areas, and fisheries, when carrying out upstream petroleum operations.

(5)The contractor shall conduct a strategic environmental and social impact assessment and submit the report thereof to the National Environmental Management Authority within one hundred and eighty (180) days after the effective date. Such environmental and social impact assessment shall establish the effect of upstream petroleum operations to be undertaken under this contract on the environment, human beings, livestock, wildlife, or marine life, and shall include emergency and accident response plans.

(6)The contractor shall take reasonable measures to minimize any adverse impact on national parks and nature reserves which may arise directly as a result of the upstream petroleum operations, in accordance with best petroleum industry practice in similar physical and ecological environments.

(7)If a contractor's failure to comply with the requirements of this clause 16 results in pollution the contractor shall, in accordance with best petroleum industry practice, promptly take all necessary measures to control the pollution. If such pollution results directly from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the contractor, the cost of clean-up and repair activities shall be borne by the contractor and shall not be included as petroleum costs under this contract.

(8)The contractor shall notify the Authority within twenty four (24) hours in writing in the event of any emergency or major accident and shall take such action as may be prescribed by the Government's emergency procedures, the contractor's emergency and accident response plans developed pursuant to sub-clause 16(5), and by best petroleum industry practices.

(9)If the contractor does not act promptly so as to control, clean up, or repair any pollution or damage, the Authority may, after giving the contractor reasonable notice under the circumstances, take any actions that are necessary in accordance with best petroleum industry practices and the costs and expenses of such actions shall be borne by the contractor and shall not be cost recoverable.

(10)The contractor is not responsible for any pre-existing environmental conditions or any acts of unrelated third parties.

17.Plugging and Abandonment and Decommissioning Operations

(1)Decommissioning Costs—

(a)The decommissioning plan is to form part of the development plan, and shall include a schedule for the amortization of costs and recovery of costs, which are estimated to be incurred when the development is decommissioned.

(b)The contractor shall exercise its judgment in good faith to book sufficient accruals for future plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations to cover the expenses which are expected to be incurred under the decommissioning plan. The contractor shall examine on an annual basis, the estimated costs of plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations and, if appropriate, revise them and submit them to the Authority for approval.

(c)The contractor shall commence booking accruals for plugging and abandonment and decommissioning costs in the first calendar quarter in which the ratio of cumulative production to overall recoverable reserves reaches fifty (50%) percent, or ten years before the expiry of the production permit whichever is earlier.

(d)All plugging and abandonment and decommissioning costs allocated to the decommissioning fund shall be recoverable as petroleum costs at the time that the accrual is entered in the books.

(e)The contractor shall book an accrual on a calendar quarter basis for the amount of future plugging and abandonment and decommissioning costs according to the following formula:

Where:FTA is the amount to be accrued for future plugging and abandonment and decommissioning costs in respect of the relevant calendar quarter.ECA is the total estimated cost of plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations established pursuant to this clause 17.CPP is the volume of petroleum produced during the calendar quarter in which the plugging and abandonment and decommissioning accrual was booked.PRR is the contractor's estimated remaining recoverable reserves at the end of the calendar quarter in which the plugging and abandonment and decommissioning accrual was booked; as such estimates may be revised by contractor from time to time.AFB is the accrued decommissioning fund at the end of the previous calendar quarter including accrued interest on the escrow account established under sub-clause 17(5).

(2)Commencement of plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations—

(a)Plugging and abandonment and decommissioning shall be scheduled to occur after a producing field reaches its economic limit.

(b)On or before the start of the 720 calendar day period prior to the expected start date of plugging and abandonment and decommissioning, the Authority shall notify the contractor which of the facilities and assets identified in the development plan shall not be plugged and abandoned and decommissioned, but which shall revert to the ownership of the Government in accordance with clause 13 of this contract. No further funds to cover plugging and abandonment and decommissioning costs shall be reserved or accrued for the facilities and assets so identified and a corresponding adjustment shall be made, if necessary, by the contractor.

(c)If the Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the authority elects not to use the facilities and assets identified in the development plan in sub-clause 17(2)(b) of this contract, the Authority shall have the right to require the contractor to remove them at the contractor's expense in accordance with the decommissioning plan, it being understood that the plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations shall be carried out by the contractor in accordance with best petroleum industry practice, this contract and in accordance with the time schedule and conditions defined in the decommissioning plan which shall have been approved.

(3)Plugging and abandonment and decommissioning upon termination of development area—

(a)If the contractor recommends plugging and abandonment and or decommissioning of facilities assets or wells belonging to it in connection with a termination of a development area, pursuant to clause 4(4) of this contract, the Government may elect to take ownership of and continue using such facilities, assets and wells by giving the contractor written notice of such decision within sixty (60) calendar days of the Government's receipt of the contractor's notice of relinquishment. Upon so notifying the contractor, which notification is effective as of the effective date of the contractor's relinquishment, the Government shall take ownership of, and be responsible for, plugging and abandonment and decommissioning of such facilities, assets and wells;

(b)If the Government does not elect to continue using such facilities, assets or wells, the contractor shall be responsible for their plugging and abandonment and decommissioning upon termination of this contract or of the development area within the corresponding development area. The contractor may in consultation with Government defer the plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations for a reasonable length of time if this would result in operational efficiencies, which minimize the cost for all parties. Facilities, assets and wells, which the Government continues to use with respect to any facilities, assets or wells which the Government elects to own pursuant to this contract—

(a)The Government shall conduct such continued use and/or plug and abandon or decommission in accordance with best petroleum industry practice and in such a manner that does not interfere with continuing upstream petroleum operations; and

(b)The Government may plug and abandon and decommission such facilities, assets and wells as and when the Government decides.

(4)Disbursements of funds for plugging and abandonment and decommissioning costs—

(a)The Contractor shall advise the Government on an annual basis its best estimate of the projected date of plugging and abandonment of individual wells and decommissioning of the producing field based on the then current estimate of when the economic limit will be reached according to the then current production forecast and realized petroleum prices.

(b)As and when the contractor commences booking accruals pursuant to these provisions, the Contractor and the Government shall cause the accrued costs of plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations to be set aside in a separate US Dollar interest bearing escrow account in the joint names of the contractor and the Government, established at a mutually acceptable financial institution in Nairobi, Kenya to be used solely for paying the decommissioning costs. The account is to be funded on a quarterly basis by the contractor and the Government, where the Government is participating, in proportion to the contractor's then current participating interest under this contract and out of its share of ongoing cost petroleum and profit petroleum attributable to the contractor and the Government entities, or by cash payment if production is insufficient. A final reconciliation shall be submitted to all entities and the Government following completion of all plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations and adjustments made in accordance with sub-clause 17(6) below.

(5)Adjustments to accruals for plugging and abandonment and decommissioning costs—

(a)If excess accruals which were booked in the decommissioning fund for plugging and abandonment and decommissioning costs remain following completion of all plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations, then such excess funds shall be distributed to the contractor and the Government (where the Government has participating interest) as if such funds represented profit petroleum in the calendar quarter in which plugging and abandonment and decommissioning is completed.

(b)Any plugging and abandonment and decommissioning cost accruals which have been booked in the decommissioning fund for purposes of removing facilities or assets that the Government decides should not be removed shall be paid by the contractor to the Government (where the Government has participating interest) concurrently with the transfer of ownership of such facility, asset or well to the Government. The Government represents that the transferred funds shall only be used in respect of its plugging and abandonment and decommissioning operations.

(c)If the amounts accrued for plugging and abandonment and decommissioning costs are insufficient to complete the plugging and abandonment and decommissioning activities, additional funds for such activities shall be provided from a portion of crude oil or natural gas which the contractor is entitled to receive under this contract from any development area, or if no production is available, by cash payment by the contractor and the Government (where the Government has participating interest) in the same ratio as would be applicable for distribution of excess amounts under sub-clause 17(6)(a).

18.Insurance

(1)The contractor shall take up and maintain, in respect of upstream petroleum operations, all insurance required by applicable Kenyan law and, as the Government and the contractor may agree from time to time.Such insurance shall be of the type and in such amount as is required by applicable law and is customary in accordance with best petroleum industry practices, and at least include insurance against the following risks—

(a)loss or damage to all installations and equipment which are owned or used by the contractor in the upstream petroleum operations;

(b)pollution caused in the course of the upstream petroleum operations by the contractor for which the contractor may be held responsible;

(c)property loss or damage or bodily injury suffered by any third party in the course of the upstream petroleum operations by the contractor for which it may be liable to indemnify the Government;

(d)the cost of removing damaged facilities and cleaning up operations following an accident in the course of the upstream petroleum operations by the contractor; and

(e)the contractor's liability for its employees engaged in the upstream petroleum operations.

(2)The contractor shall give preference to Kenyan insurance companies.

(3)In relation to development and production operations, the contractor shall submit to the Government a programme for the provision of an "All Risks" insurance which may, inter alia, cover physical damage to the facilities under construction and installation as well as legal liabilities arising out of the development and production operations.

(4)The contractor shall require its sub-contractors to carry equivalent insurance of the type and in such amount as is required by applicable law and is customarily in accordance with best petroleum industry practice.

(5)Any insurance policy relating to this contract shall name the Government as an additional insured party and shall include a waiver of subrogation protecting the Government against any claim, loss and damage resulting from any petroleum operation conducted by or on behalf of the contractor under this contract, to the extent that the contractor is liable for such claim, loss or damage under this contract. The contractor shall not be liable for any claims arising from negligence or willful misconduct of the Government.

(6)Upon its written request, the Government shall be provided with insurance certificates, including necessary details, for any insurance policy maintained by the contractor which relates to this contract.

Part IV - LOCAL CONTENT

19.Adherence to Laws and RegulationsThe contractor shall comply with all the Kenyan local content policies, laws and regulations as amended from time to time.

20.Employment and Training of Kenyans

(1)In accordance with the provisions of the Act and regulations, the contractor and its sub-contractors shall employ Kenyans in the upstream petroleum operations and shall, until the expiry or termination of this contract, conduct training courses and programmes that will progressively increase employment of Kenyans.

(2)The training courses and programmes in sub-clause 20(1) above shall be established and conducted in consultation with the Cabinet Secretary.

(3)The contractor shall ensure that Kenyan nationals are selected and trained consistent with contractor's performance standards in relation to activities referred at sub-clause 23(3).

(4)The contractor shall, in employing and providing training for Kenyans under this clause take into account the need to employ and train marginalized groups.

21.Training Fund

(1)In addition to the obligation under sub-clause 20(1) and commencing on the effective date, the contractor shall for the purposes of section 79 of the Act contribute to the Government a minimum of U.S. dollars .............................. per year for the Government training fund established under section 79(2) of the Act.

(2)The contractor's obligation under sub-clause 21(1) shall be increased to a minimum of U.S dollars .................. per year commencing with the adoption of the first development plan under sub-clause 29(3).

(3)The Training Fund shall be managed by the Cabinet Secretary in accordance with the Energy and Petroleum Policy, the Act and regulations.

22.Preference for Kenyan Goods and Services

(1)The contractor and its sub-contractors shall maximize to the satisfaction of the Authority the usage of Kenyan goods and services, businesses and financing.

(2)The contractor and its sub-contractors shall give preference to Kenyan materials and supplies for use in upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the provisions of the Act and regulations.

(3)The contractor and its sub-contractors shall give preference to Kenyan contractors for services connected with upstream petroleum operations in accordance with the provisions of the Act and regulations.

(4)The contractor and its sub-contractors shall procure supplies and services from locations in Kenya, where practicable, in accordance with the provisions of the Act and regulations.

(5)The contractor shall—

(a)on or before the beginning of each calendar year to which it applies, submit to the Cabinet Secretary and Authority a tentative schedule of the contemplated services and supply contracts with an estimated value exceeding the equivalent of U.S. dollars ............. per contract, to be let during the forthcoming calendar year, showing the anticipated tender date and approximate value and the goods and services to be provided;

(b)for contracts with an estimated value exceeding the equivalent of U.S. dollar .................. per contract, undertake to select its contractors and sub-contractors from adequately qualified indigenous Kenyan companies by means of competitive bidding or by another appropriate method in accordance with best petroleum industry practice;

(c)as soon as practicable after their execution, provide to the Cabinet Secretary and the Authority a copy of each contract, requiring a payment in US dollars or equivalent and a brief description of the efforts made to find a Kenyan supplier or service contractor;

(d)the minimum amount specified under this sub-clause 22(5) may be changed from time to time by the regulations made under the Act.

(6)The contractor shall give equal treatment to local enterprises by ensuring access to all tender invitations and by including high weighting on local value added in the tender evaluation criteria.

23.Technology Transfer

(1)The contractor and its sub-contractors shall develop a Technology Transfer Programme in accordance with the Energy and Petroleum Policy, the Act and regulations to promote the transfer of technology and skills on upstream petroleum operations to indigenous Kenyan employees and government officials.

(2)The Technology Transfer Programme shall be aimed at building and developing in Kenya specialized technical, management and professional skills relevant to upstream petroleum operations and any necessary facilities requisite for advancement of technical skills in upstream petroleum operations.

(3)The contractor shall transfer to Kenyans technology and business expertise in all areas of upstream petroleum operations including but not limited to—

(i)Fabrication;

(ii)Information Technology support, including seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation support;

(iii)Operations and maintenance support;

(iv)Maritime services;

(v)Business support services, including insurance, accounting, human resource services, consulting, marketing, legal and contract negotiations;

(vi)Financing;

(vii)Trading.

(4)In addition to the requirements in sub-clause 23(3) above the contractor shall develop indigenous Kenyans to take more value-added, analytical and decision making roles in areas, such as—

(i)a technical or professional nature including general management, design engineering, project management, seismic data processing, human resource development, legal, economics, auditing and accounting; and

(ii)business strategic skills including leadership, business development, executive management, commercial, analytical, negotiating, strategy development and trading know how and acumen.

24.Record Keeping and Reports

(1)In accordance with its obligations under the Energy and Petroleum Policy, the Act and regulations the contractor shall maintain records to facilitate the determination of the local content of expenditure incurred in respect of upstream petroleum operations.

(2)These records shall include supporting documentation certifying the cost of local materials, labour and services used and shall be subject to audit by the Authority.

(3)Pursuant to sub-clause 24 (1) the contractor shall prepare and submit reports to the Authority in accordance with the specified timeframe in the regulations.

Part V - RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT

25.Rights of the Government

(1)The Government may acquire a part of the contract area for a public purpose other than searching for or extracting petroleum but not to the extent that will prevent the carrying out of upstream petroleum operations within the contract area, and the Government shall not, without good cause, acquire a part of the contract area on which upstream petroleum operations are in progress.

(2)The contractor shall not carry out upstream petroleum operations on such an acquired part but may—

(a)enter upon that part but not materially interfere with the public purpose; and

(b)carry out directional drilling from an adjacent part.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary and the Authority, or a person authorized by the Cabinet Secretary or the Authority in writing, may at all reasonable times inspect any upstream petroleum operations, and any records of the contractor relating thereto, and the contractor shall provide, where available, facilities similar to those applicable to its own or to subcontractors' staff for transport to the upstream petroleum operations, subsistence and accommodation and pay all reasonable expenses directly connected with the inspection.

(4)The Cabinet Secretary may require the contractor to perform an obligation under this contract by giving reasonable written notice, and if the contractor fails to comply with the notice, the Cabinet Secretary may execute the obligation for which the contractor shall pay forthwith amounts expended by the Cabinet Secretary in the execution of the obligations. The Cabinet Secretary may give written notice to perform an obligation at any time but not later than ninety (90) days after the termination or expiry of this contract or the surrender of a part of the contract area.

26.Obligations of the Government

(1)The Government may, at the request of the contractor, make available to the contractor such land as the contractor may reasonably require for the conduct of upstream petroleum operations in accordance with Chapter Five (5) of the Constitution and the relevant land laws and where the land is private land, the Government may, subject to section 108116 of the Act, acquire the land in accordance with the applicable laws.

(2)The contractor shall pay or reimburse the Government any reasonable compensation that may be required for the setting apart, use or acquisition of any land for the upstream petroleum operations.

(3)The Government shall in accordance with the Land Act grant or cause to be granted to the contractor, its contractors and sub-contractors such way-leaves, easements, temporary occupation or other permissions within and without the contract area as are necessary to conduct the upstream petroleum operations and in particular for the purpose of laying, operating and maintaining pipelines and cables, and passage between the contract area and the point of delivery of petroleum.

(4)The Government shall at all times give the contractor the right of ingress to and egress from the contract area and the facilities wherever located for the conduct of upstream petroleum operations.

(5)Subject to the national security requirements and the Kenyan Immigration Laws and Regulations, the Government shall not unreasonably refuse to issue and/or renew entry and work permits for technicians and managers employed in the upstream petroleum operations by the contractor or its sub-contractors and their dependants.

Part VI - WORK PROGRAMME, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION

27.Exploration Work Programme and Detailed Budget

(1)The contractor shall submit in writing and make a presentation to the Cabinet Secretary thirty (30) days after the effective date, a detailed report of the exploration work programme and detailed budget for the first contract year.

(2)The contractor shall submit in writing and make a presentation to the Cabinet Secretary ninety (90) days before the end of each contract year, a detailed report of the exploration work programme and a detailed budget for the next contract year.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary may submit to the contractor, within thirty (30) days of the receipt of the annual exploration work programme and budget, suggested modifications and revisions thereof. The contractor shall consider the inclusion of such suggested modifications and revisions in light of best petroleum industry practice and shall provide the Cabinet Secretary with the exploration work programme and budget which the contractor has adopted.

(4)After adoption of the annual exploration work programme and budget, the contractor may make changes to that annual exploration work programme and budget if those changes do not materially affect the original objectives of that exploration work programme and budget, and shall state the reasons for those changes to the Cabinet Secretary.

(5)The agreed final work programme and budget shall be approved by the Cabinet Secretary in writing.

28.Discovery and Appraisal Work Programme

(1)The contractor shall in accordance with section 55(1) of the Act, notify the Cabinet Secretary of a discovery of petroleum and shall forthwith submit an initial discovery report with all relevant information to the Cabinet secretary not later than thirty (30) days after completion and testing of such exploration well.

(2)If the contractor considers that the discovery merits appraisal, it shall submit and orally present to the Cabinet Secretary within ninety (90) days following the date of submission of the discovery report, a detailed statement of the appraisal work programme and budget which shall provide for the expeditious appraisal of the discovery and the provisions of sub-clauses 27(3) and 27(4) shall apply to the appraisal work programme and budget.

(3)The Cabinet Secretary shall review the submitted appraisal programme and within ninety (90) days of submission, the Cabinet Secretary may request for amendment of the appraisal programme.

(4)After the appraisal work programme and budget have been adopted by the Cabinet Secretary, the contractor shall within ninety (90) days evaluate the discovery and where appraisal warrants more time, then the Cabinet secretary may upon request by the contractor, extend such time for a period reasonably required to expeditiously complete appraisal work.

(5)In the event of a discovery in the last year of the second additional exploration period, the Cabinet Secretary shall, at the request of the contractor, extend the term of the second additional exploration period in respect to the prospective area of the discovery and for the period of time reasonably required to expeditiously complete the adopted appraisal work programme and budget with respect to such discovery and to determine whether or not the discovery is commercial but in any event, such extension to the second additional exploration period shall not exceed ...................... months.

(6)The contractor shall, not more than ninety (90) days after the appraisal is completed, report to the Cabinet Secretary the commercial prospects of the discovery, including all relevant technical and economic data. Including but not limited to location, areal extent, lateral extent, thickness, estimate of in-place and recoverable petroleum and their determination of whether the discovery is commercial, or whether further appraisal is required by submitting for approval to the cabinet secretary a supplementary appraisal report.

(7)If the appraisal report relating to a particular discovery states that the contractor is of the opinion that the discovery is non-commercial, the contractor and the Cabinet Secretary shall meet to discuss in good faith ways in which it might be possible to proceed with the development of such discovery on a commercial basis, with the possibility of amending the terms of this contract, but for avoidance of doubt, the Cabinet Secretary shall be under no obligation whatsoever to agree to any such amendments proposed by the contractor or vice versa.

(8)If the contractor reports under sub-clause 28(6) that the discovery is a commercial discovery, a development plan shall be submitted to the Cabinet Secretary for approval within one hundred and eighty (180) days of the completion of the appraisal work programme unless otherwise agreed, and upon written application of the contractor, the term of this contract shall be extended by the Cabinet Secretary, if necessary, in respect of the area of that commercial discovery, provisionally established in accordance with the adoption of a development plan.

29.The Development Plan and Annual Work Programme and Budget

(1)The field development plan shall be submitted by the contractor to the Authority for review which shall advice Cabinet Secretary for approval. This field development plan shall be based on sound engineering and economic principles and in accordance with best petroleum industry practice and considering the Maximum Efficient Rate of production appropriate to the commercial discovery.

(2)The Development Plan submitted by the contractor to the Cabinet Secretary shall contain details of the proposed development area, relating to the commercial discovery which shall correspond as closely as possible to the extension of the discovered accumulation in the contract area, as determined by the analysis of all the relevant available information.

(3)Except with the consent of the Cabinet Secretary, and without prejudice to the generality of sub-clause 29(1), the development plan shall include—

(a)A description of the proposed commercial discovery in the development area that is identified for the development and management programme;

(b)Details of the following upstream petroleum operations—

(i)geologic, seismic, and geophysical exploration analysis and appraisal, including production simulation profiles;

(ii)proposed well locations and production, treatment, storage and transportation facilities to be located in the development area;

(iii)spacing, well construction, drilling process, casing and cement programs, well logs, completion methods, and production operations of the wells required for production of petroleum in the development area;

(iv)facilities for transporting petroleum from the Development Area to the Crude Oil Delivery Point and the Natural Gas Delivery Point;

(v)identification of any alternative markets and sales of all petroleum resources, especially natural gas;

(c)The initial production profiles for all petroleum reserves in the commercial discovery, including the production life, the commencement of production, and the anticipated daily rates of petroleum production;

(d)The decommissioning plan, in such detail, as the Authority requires, including in accordance with clause 17 a calculation of the quarterly accrual charges to be paid by the contractor to the decommissioning fund for individual well plugging and abandonment operations and overall field decommissioning costs;

(e)A detailed environmental impact assessment for the commercial discovery, which identifies current and possible environmental issues and concerns and a plan for ensuring environmental compliance during the life of the field;

(f)A contractor's proposal for ensuring the safety, health, security and welfare of persons and facilities in or about the proposed upstream petroleum operations;

(g)The contractor's proposals for stimulating local content, including—

(i)maximizing the procurement and use of Kenyan goods and services in upstream petroleum operations to local communities;

(ii)identifying specific skills' training programs and technical courses that shall directly translate to the employment of citizens of Kenya and shall ensure occupational health and safety requirements, fairness in gender practices, and career advancement opportunities;

(iii)co-ordination with stakeholders and local communities in open and timely posting of job descriptions and minimum skills' requirements for employment to fully address local content issues and concerns;

(h)The contractor's complete finance program for the Annual Development Work Programme and Budget;

(i)Details and copies of all contracts, agreements and arrangements for the sale of petroleum at the identified delivery point;

(j)Such other data and information as the law requires and as the Cabinet Secretary otherwise requires and is relevant to the development plan.

(4)The Authority and the contractor shall jointly consider the development plan within ninety (90) days of submission thereof and the Authority may within that period, unless otherwise agreed, submit suggested modifications, justifications and revisions thereof. The contractor shall consider the inclusion of such suggested modifications and revisions in the light of best petroleum industry practice, and the development plan shall be adopted by mutual agreement.

(5)Where the Authority proposes no modifications and revisions, the development plan of the contractor shall be adopted ninety (90) days after its submission unless it is adopted by mutual agreement of the parties before that period has elapsed. The ninety (90) days period for analysing the proposed development plan shall be extended for an additional period of up to ninety (90) days, if the Authority so notifies the contractor.

(6)The Authority shall upon adoption of the development plan submit the same to the Cabinet Secretary for consideration and approval.

(7)The Cabinet Secretary shall upon approval of the development plan submit the same to Parliament for ratification in accordance with Section 58 of the Act.

(8)After a development plan has been adopted approved and ratified, the contractor shall proceed promptly and without undue delays, to implement the development plan in accordance with best petroleum industry practice. The Annual Development Work Programme and Budget shall commence within one hundred and eighty (180) days from the date of adoption of the development plan.

(9)In connection therewith, the contractor shall submit and make a detailed presentation to the Cabinet Secretary and Authority, prior to the first day of October of each year following the adoption of the development plan, a detailed report of the Annual Development Work Programme and Budget for the next calendar year and the provisions of sub-clauses 27(3) and 27(4) shall apply mutatis mutandis to any proposed revision to the development plan and to the Annual Development Work Programme and Budget.

(10)Where the development operations extend into the area to which the commercial discovery relates, provided that the extension lies wholly within the contract area at that date, subject to the advice by the Authority the Cabinet Secretary shall adjust the relevant development area to include that extension as determined by the analysis of all the relevant available data and information.

30.UnitizationWhere a petroleum deposit in a contract area extends beyond the said contract area, the same shall be developed pursuant to a unitization agreement in accordance with section 63 of the Act.

31.Marginal and Non-commercial Discoveries

(1)Where the contractor determines that a discovery is marginal or non-commercial, the contractor may propose a modification to this contract, based on an alternative economic evaluation and after consideration, the Cabinet Secretary may accept or reject the proposed modification.

(2)Unless otherwise agreed, if the contractor fails to commence the evaluation of a commercial discovery within two (2) years following the notice of a commercial discovery, or if within two (2) years following the completion of an evaluation work programme the contractor considers the commercial discovery does not merit development, the Cabinet Secretary may request the contractor to surrender the area corresponding to such commercial discovery and the contractor shall forfeit any rights relating to any production therefrom. The area subject to such surrender shall not exceed the extension of the discovered accumulation as determined by the structural closure of the prospective horizon and all other relevant available information. Any such surrender by the contractor shall be credited in accordance with sub-clause 4(2) hereof.

32.Natural Gas

(1)The contractor shall have the right to use natural gas extracted from reservoirs within the contract area for the upstream petroleum operations in the contract area, included but not limited to power generation, pressure maintenance, and recycling and re-injection operations.

(2)The terms and conditions relating to the use and production of associated natural gas shall be as follows—

(a)In the event the contractor elects to process and sell associated natural gas, the contractor shall notify the Government and, for the purposes of cost recovery and entitlement of production, such associated natural gas shall be treated by the parties in the same manner as other natural gas.

(b)In the event the contractor elects not to process and sell associated natural gas and where that natural gas is not used for the purposes specified in sub-clause 32(1), the Government may at the field separator, process and utilize that natural gas without compensation but the Government shall pay for all costs and expenses related thereto which shall include, but not be limited to, any engineering studies, new facilities and equipment required for the gathering, transport, processing and utilization thereof and the operations and maintenance of the same shall be at the sole risk, cost and expense of the Government; provided that such off take does not significantly disrupt or delay the conduct of the upstream petroleum operations.

(c)The contractor may return associated natural gas, not used for the purposes specified in sub-clause 32(1), taken by the Government pursuant to sub-clause 32(2)(b), or sold by the contractor pursuant to sub-clause 32(2)(a), to the subsurface structure, and the costs of such re-injection shall be recoverable to the extent that such re-injection is included in the development plan.

(3)The terms and conditions relating to the evaluation work programme and the commercial assessment of the production and sale of non-associated natural gas shall be as follows—

(a)On completion of an evaluation work programme relating to a discovery of non-associated natural gas made by the contractor, the commercial assessment period in respect of such discovery shall, if requested by the contractor, commence for a period of ................... (..............) years, exercisable at the sole option of the contractor. An extension may be granted upon application by the contractor to the Government, for a second period of up to ............................ (............) years. An appraisal report submitted under this clause 32 shall include the estimated recoverable reserves, projected delivery rate and pressure, quality specifications and other technical and economic factors relevant to the determination for available market for such non-associated natural gas. The contractor shall, at any time during the commercial assessment period, inform the Government by notice that the petroleum reservoir located in any discovery of non-associated natural gas made by the contractor in respect of which an appraisal report has been submitted, is commercial.

(b)If the contractor does not request for a commercial assessment period pursuant to clause 32(3)(a) above within ninety (90) days from the date on which the appraisal report was submitted, the contractor shall inform the Government by notice whether any discovery of non-associated natural gas made by the contractor in respect of which an appraisal report has been submitted, is commercial.

(c)Where the contractor pursuant to this clause 32 gives notice that any discovery of non-associated natural gas, made by the contractor is commercial, that notice shall, for the purpose of this contract, be a notice of commercial discovery, and processing and utilization shall follow a development plan approved in accordance with clause 29.

(4)The commercial assessment period shall end on the first to occur of—

(a)the date following that on which the contractor gives a notice of commercial discovery under sub-clause 32(3); or

(b)the date that the contractor voluntarily surrenders that portion of the contract area to which the commercial assessment period relates; or

(c)expiry of the period to which contractor is entitled to under sub-clause 32(3).

(5)The contractor shall be deemed to have relinquished all rights to the discovery of non-associated natural gas if it has not given a notice of commercial discovery under sub-clause 32(3) by the end of the commercial assessment period or the earlier relinquishment of that portion of the contract area.

(6)Where the discovery is a natural gas discovery, the contractor shall—

(a)prepare a report (Market Evaluation Report) identifying potential market for natural gas, expected volumes for such market, infrastructure potentially required to access such market, expectations of price for the natural gas supplied to such market and identify options including time frames for marketing the natural gas within three (3) years after the discovery evaluation is completed;

(b)be responsible for investigating market opportunities and shall seek to develop a market for non-associated natural gas produced from any development area and shall sell such non-associated natural gas on a joint dedicated basis on terms common to all the parties constituting the contractor. Every contract for the sale of such non-associated natural gas made by the contractor under this clause 32 shall be subject to approval by the Cabinet Secretary. In applying for such approval the contractor shall demonstrate to the Cabinet Secretary that the prices and other terms of sale of such non-associated natural gas represents the market value obtainable for such non-associated natural gas taking into consideration a fair market cost for transporting such non-associated natural gas from the delivery point to the purchaser and having regard to the alternative uses and markets that can be developed for such non-associated natural gas.

(7)With its application for approval of any gas sales contract, pursuant to sub-clause 32(5), the contractor may apply in respect of any development area from which non-associated natural gas will be produced for sale under that gas sales contract, for an extension of the development period specified in sub-clause 3(6) and where such extension is necessary to facilitate the sale of gas under any such gas sales contract, the Cabinet Secretary shall grant such necessary extension.

(8)Flaring of natural gas

(a)Flaring of natural gas in the course of the activities provided for under this contract, is prohibited except—

(i)short-term flaring necessary for production testing,

(ii)when required for emergency or safety reasons, or

(iii)with the prior authorization of the Authority, in each case in accordance with the Act, regulations and best petroleum industry practices.

(b)The contractor shall submit such request to the Authority, which shall include an evaluation of reasonable alternatives to flaring that have been considered along with information on the amount and quality of natural gas involved and the duration of the requested flaring.

33.Production Levels and Annual Production Programme

(1)The contractor shall produce petroleum at the maximum efficient rate and follow conservation of petroleum resources principles in accordance with best petroleum industry practice.

(2)Prior to the first day of October of each year following the commencement of commercial production, the contractor shall submit and orally present to the Cabinet Secretary and the Authority, a detailed statement of the annual production programme and budget for the next calendar year, and the provisions of sub-clause 27(3) and (4) shall apply to the Annual Production Programme and Budget.

(3)The contractor shall endeavor to produce in each calendar year the forecast quantity estimated in the annual production programme.

(4)The crude oil shall be run to storage (constructed, maintained and operated by the contractor) and petroleum shall be metered or otherwise measured as required to meet the purpose of this contract in accordance with clause 34.

34.Measurement of Petroleum

(1)The contractor shall, prior to installation, submit to the Authority for approval the processes, procedures, systems and technologies for determining the volume and quality of petroleum produced.

(2)The instruments used for measuring petroleum produced shall be calibrated in accordance with the Weights and Measures Act.

(3)The volume and quality of petroleum produced and saved from the contract area shall be measured by methods and equipment customarily used in best petroleum industry practice and approved by the Authority.

(4)The Authority shall approve and inspect the methods and equipment used for measuring the volume and determining the quality of petroleum and shall appoint an inspector to supervise the measurement of volume and determination of quality of petroleum.

(5)Where the method of measurement has caused an overstatement or understatement of a share of the production, the error shall be presumed to have existed since the date of the last calibration of the measurement devices, unless the contrary is shown, and an appropriate adjustment shall be made for the period of error.

(6)The Cabinet Secretary and the contractor shall determine, when approving the development plan related to a commercial field, the measurement point at which production shall be measured and the respective shares of petroleum allocated.

35.Valuation of Crude Oil and Natural Gas

(1)The value of crude oil, for all purposes under this contract, shall be denominated in US Dollars and shall be calculated each calendar year on a quarterly basis, adjusted at the Crude Oil Delivery Point as follows—

(a)where there have been sales of crude oil produced from the contract area to third parties at arm's length during that calendar quarter, the value shall be the weighted average per unit price actually paid in those sales, at the F.O.B. point of export or at the point that title and risk pass to the buyer, adjusted for grade, gravity and quality of such crude oil as well as for transportation costs and other appropriate adjustments for grade, gravity and quality of such crude oil transaction where the seller and the buyer are independent of one another and do not have, directly or indirectly, any common interest; or

(b)where there have been no sales of crude oil produced from the contract area to third parties at arm's length during that calendar quarter, the value shall be the "fair market value" determined as the average per unit prevailing market price, actually paid during that calendar quarter in arm's length sales for export under term contracts of at least ninety (90) days between unrelated purchasers and sellers, for crude oil produced in Kenya and in the major crude oil producing countries, and adjusted for grade, gravity and quality of such crude oil as well as for transportation costs and any other appropriate adjustments. If necessary, a value of crude oil shall be determined separately for each crude oil or crude oil mix and for each point of delivery. The value of crude oil shall be mutually agreed at the end of each calendar quarter and applied to all transactions that took place during the quarter.

(2)Where the Cabinet Secretary and the contractor cannot reach an agreement on the value of crude oil within thirty (30) days of the end of any calendar quarter, such determination shall be made by an internationally recognized expert appointed by the Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the Authority and the contractor, but if they fail to agree within thirty (30) days on the appointment of such expert, then by the Secretary General of the International Chamber of Commerce. The expert shall report his determination within twenty (20) days of his appointment and his determination shall be final and binding upon the Government and the contractor.

(3)Pending the determination of the value of crude oil for a calendar quarter, the value of crude oil determined for the preceding calendar quarter shall be provisionally applied to make calculation and payment during such calendar quarter until the applicable value for that calendar quarter is finally determined pursuant to sub-clause 35(1). Any adjustment to provisional calculation and payment, if necessary, shall be made within thirty (30) days after such applicable value is finally determined.

(4)Natural gas shall be valued based on the actual proceeds received for sales, provided that, for sales of natural gas between the contractor and any affiliate, the value of such natural gas shall not be less than the then prevailing fair market value for such sales of natural gas taking into consideration, to the extent possible, such factors as the market, the quality and quantity of natural gas and other relevant factors reflected in natural gas pricing. The Cabinet Secretary shall have the right to review and approve natural gas sales contracts.

(5)The Contractor shall deliver to the Cabinet Secretary and Authority monthly statements showing calculations of the value of petroleum produced and sold from the contract area, which statement shall include but not limited to the following information—

(a)quantities of crude oil sold by the contractor during the preceding month constituting arm's length sales together with corresponding sale prices;

(b)quantities of crude oil sold by the contractor during the preceding month to the contractor's related parties together with the corresponding sale prices;

(c)inventory in storage belonging to the contractor at the beginning and at the end of the month; and

(d)quantities of natural gas sold by the contractor and the Government, together with sale prices realized.

Part VII - COST RECOVERY, PRODUCTION SHARING, TAXATION, GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION AND DOMESTIC SUPPLY OBLIGATIONS

36.Cost Recovery and Uplift

(1)Subject to the provisions of this contract, the contractor shall be entitled to recover the petroleum costs incurred and paid by the contractor pursuant to the provisions of this contract and duly entered in the contractor's books of accounts, supplemented by the Uplift referred to in sub-clause 36(3), by taking and separately disposing of an amount equal in value to a maximum of sixty percent (60%)of each category of all petroleum produced from the contract area during that fiscal year and not used in upstream petroleum operations. Such cost recovery petroleum, including the recovered Uplift, is hereinafter referred to as "Cost Petroleum" consisting of two (2) categories, Cost Oil and Cost Gas.

(2)The petroleum costs may be recovered in the following manner:

(a)The petroleum costs, with the exception of development costs, incurred in respect of the contract area, shall be recoverable either in the fiscal year in which these costs are incurred or the fiscal year in which commercial production occurs, whichever is the later; and

(b)Development costs incurred in respect of each development area shall be recoverable in five (5) fiscal years at an annual rate of twenty percent (20%) by straight-line amortization at that rate starting either in the fiscal year in which such development costs are incurred or the fiscal year in which commercial production from that development area commences, whichever is the later.

(c)For the purpose of this clause, "development costs" shall have the meaning referred to in the Accounting Procedure (Appendix "B").

(d)The development costs and production costs incurred in respect of a development area shall not be recoverable until commercial production from that development area commences.

(e)To the extent that, in a fiscal year, the petroleum costs and Uplift that are recoverable, according to sub-clauses 36(2)(a), 36(2)(b) and 36(3), exceed the value of all Cost Oil or Cost Gas for such fiscal year under sub-clause 36(1), the excess shall be carried forward for recovery by the contractor in the next succeeding fiscal year or fiscal years until fully recovered, but in no case after the termination of this contract.

(f)To the extent that, in a Fiscal Year, the petroleum costs and the Uplift that are recoverable, according to sub-clauses 36(2)(a), 36(2)(b) and 36(3), are less than the maximum value of the Cost Petroleum as specified in sub-clause 36(1), the excess shall become part of, and be included in the profit petroleum as provided for in sub-clause 37 hereafter.

(g)For the purpose of valuation of Cost Oil and Cost Gas, the relevant provisions of clause 35 hereof shall apply.

(h)The cost recovery of petroleum and Uplift shall be recovered in the following priority order:1. Production Costs2. Exploration Costs3. Development Costs4. Uplift5. Decommissioning Costs

(i)For the application of this contract, the contractor shall keep detailed accounts of Cost Petroleum classified into Exploration Costs, Development Costs, Production Costs and Decommissioning Costs in accordance with the Accounting Procedure.

(j)The petroleum costs under this contract are not recoverable against other contract areas held by the contractor in Kenya.

(k)In the event that the contractor produces crude oil and natural gas from the contract area, the petroleum costs incurred by the contractor shall be classified in the accounts as Cost Oil and Cost Gas when required in accordance with the principles provided for in the Accounting Procedure.

(3)An amount equal to fifteen percent (15%) of the development costs related to a development area incurred and paid during a given fiscal year shall be referred to as "Uplift" for that development area and fiscal year. Such Uplift regarding the development costs of one fiscal year shall be recoverable under sub-clauses 36(1) and 36(2) in five (5) equal installments starting in the fiscal year in which the related development costs are incurred or the fiscal year in which commercial production for that development area commences, whichever is the later. The Uplift shall be applicable only to the development costs incurred in the first five (5) fiscal years of an approved development plan starting the fiscal year of its date of approval.

37.Profit Petroleum Sharing and R-Factor

(1)Each category of the total petroleum produced and saved from the contract area and not used in upstream petroleum operations or commercial production less the Cost Petroleum as specified in sub-clauses 36(1) and 36(2), shall be referred to as the profit petroleum and each category of profit petroleum shall be shared, taken and disposed of separately by the Government and the contractor on a quarterly basis, according to the value of the R-Factor in respect of the contract area as determined at the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter;orPetroleum Profit = Commercial Production - Cost Petroleum

whereby:X is equal to the Contractor's Cumulative Cash Inflows at the end of the preceding Calendar QuarterandY is equal to the Contractor's Cumulative Cash Outflows at the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter

For purposes of the R-factor determination in sub-clause 37(1)(1):Cumulative Cash Inflows at the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter are equal to:Cumulative Contractor Cost Petroleum or "Cost Petroleum" from the Effective Date to the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter;plusCumulative Contractor Profit Petroleum or "Profit Petroleum" from the Effective Date to the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter;minusCumulative Production Costs or "Production Costs" from the Effective Date to the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter;minusCumulative Decommissioning Costs or "Decommissioning Costs" from the Effective Date to the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter.orCumulative Cash Inflows =Cost Petroleum + Profit Petroleum - Production Costs-Decommissioning CostCumulative Cash Inflows =Cost Petroleum + Profit Petroleum - Production Costs -Decommissioning CostsCostCumulative Cash Inflows= Cost Petroleum + Profit Petroleum- Production Costs - Decommissioning CostCumulative Cash Outflows at the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter are equal to:Cumulative Exploration Costs or "Exploration Costs" from the Effective Date to the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter;plusCumulative Development Costs or "Development Costs" from the Effective Date to the end of the preceding Calendar QuarterorCumulative Cash Outflows = Exploration Costs + Development Costs[Note: the following calculation];Development Costs = 20% per year x 5 years [in sub-clause 36(2)(b)]ii. The share of each category of Profit Petroleum to which each Party shall be entitled during a Calendar Quarter in relation to the value of the R-Factor determined at the end of the preceding Calendar Quarter shall be equal to the quantities of crude oil and natural gas resulting from the application of the relevant percentage indicated below:

R-factor	Government's share	Contractor's share
Less than 1.0	50%	50%
Equal to or greater than 1.0 and less than 1.0 and less than 2.5	65%	35%
Equal to or greater than 2.5*	[75]%	[25]%

iii. For each Quarter, starting from the Quarter commercial production starts, the contractor shall calculate the R-Factor applicable to the relevant Quarter within thirty (30) days of the beginning of such Quarter and submit the determination to the Cabinet Secretary;iv. In the event that the contractor is unable to calculate the R-Factor for the relevant Quarter before an allocation of Profit Oil or Profit Gas for such Quarter must be made, then the percentage for allocation of Profit Oil and/or Profit Gas, as the case may be, for the previous Quarter shall be used for the relevant Quarter;v. If the allocation of Profit Oil or Profit Gas, as the case may be, in the previous Quarter and the relevant Quarter is the same, then no adjustment shall be made;vi. If the allocation of the Profit Oil or Profit Gas, as the case may be, in the two Quarters is different, then the contractor shall make any adjustments to the Parties' respective shares of Profit Oil or Profit Gas, as the case may be, to restore them to the position that they would have been in had the R-Factor for the relevant Quarter been available from the start of such Quarter; andvii. If at any time an error occurs in the calculation of the R-Factor, resulting in a change in the percentage share of Profit Oil and/or Profit Gas, the necessary correction shall be made and any adjustments shall apply from the Quarter in which the error occurred. The party having benefited from a surplus of Profit Petroleum shall surrender such surplus to the other Party, beginning from the first day of the Quarter following the Quarter in which the error was recognized.

38.Production Sharing

(1)Crude oil and natural gas production shall be respectively disaggregated into Cost Oil and Profit Oil and Cost Gas and Profit Gas, using the relevant percentage calculated quarterly for Cost Petroleum in accordance with sub-clause 36(1), and for Profit Petroleum in accordance with sub-clause 36(4).

(2)Cost Petroleum and Profit Petroleum calculations, respectively disaggregated into Cost Oil, Cost Gas, Profit Oil and Profit Gas, shall be done quarterly on an accumulative basis during a given fiscal year. To the extent that actual quantities, costs and expenses are not known, provisional estimates of such data based on the adopted annual production Work Programme and Budget under clause 33 shall be used.

(3)Within sixty (60) days of the end of each Fiscal Year, a final calculation of each category of Cost Petroleum and Profit Petroleum based on actual crude oil production and natural gas production, in respect of that Fiscal Year and recoverable petroleum costs and Uplift, shall be prepared and any necessary adjustments shall be promptly made.

(4)If so directed by the Cabinet Secretary, the contractor shall be obligated to lift and market part or the entire Government share of each category of Profit Petroleum and any Government or Appointee Participating Interest share of petroleum in a development area.

(5)If any party fails to lift and market their share of petroleum, the contractor may lift and market such party's share on its behalf.

(6)When the Cabinet Secretary elects not to take and receive in kind any part of a category of the Government share of Profit Oil, the Cabinet Secretary shall notify the contractor three (3) months before the commencement of each semester of a calendar year, specifying the quantity of production and such notice shall be effective for the ensuing semester. Any sale by the contractor of the Government share of Profit Oil shall not be for a term of more than one (1) year without the Cabinet Secretary's consent. The contractor shall have the right and obligation to market the Government's share at the then prevailing "fair market price".

(7)The price paid by the contractor for the Government share of Profit Oil shall be the price established according to clause 35. The contractor shall pay the Government on a monthly basis, such payments to be made within thirty (30) days after the end of the month in which the production occurred.

(8)In the event of commercial production of natural gas, the parties shall agree when the development plan related to such commercialization is adopted on the rules applicable to the disposal of the Government share of Profit Gas.

(9)At a reasonable time prior to the scheduled date of commencement of commercial production, the parties shall agree to procedures covering the scheduling, storage and lifting of petroleum produced from and sold at the agreed upon Crude Oil Delivery Point and Natural Gas Delivery Point.

39.Taxation

(1)The Contractor shall be subject to and shall comply with the requirements of the tax laws in force in Kenya.

(2)In the event of any assignment or transfer of a participating interest under clause 47, the contractor, or the entity within the contractor, assigning or transferring an interest under this contract, shall comply with the requirements of the income tax laws in force in Kenya imposing taxes on capital gains.

(3)It is understood and agreed that the portion of each category of the Profit Petroleum which the Government is entitled to take and receive for a given fiscal year, and which is calculated under clause 37 shall be exclusive of all taxes payable by the contractor.

(4)The contractor agrees to pay and discharge as and when due such taxes due on its profit oil. The contractor shall prepare and file tax returns as provided for in the tax laws. The receipts shall be issued by the duly constituted authority for the collection of Kenya taxes.

(5)In accordance with the laws of Kenya, where the contractor consists of more than one entity, the tax liabilities of each entity under this clause 39 shall be individual, notwithstanding clause 10, and the provisions of this clause 39 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to each such entity, including for filing an individual tax return or complying with any tax liabilities in respect of an assignment of an interest in the contract by a person.

40.Title and Risk to Petroleum

(1)The title in the contractor's share of petroleum shall pass to the contractor (and risk therein shall remain with the contractor) when it is delivered at the Crude Oil Delivery Point and the Natural Gas Delivery Point. Title in the Government's share of petroleum taken by the contractor pursuant to sub-clauses 38(6), (5), (6) and (7) shall pass to the contractor when it is delivered at the Crude Oil Delivery Point and the Natural Gas Delivery Point.

(2)Notwithstanding sub-clause 40(1), petroleum shall be at the risk of the contractor until it is delivered at the Crude Oil Delivery Point and the Natural Gas Delivery Point. The contractor shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Government from all claims asserted in respect of petroleum wherein the risk is with the contractor.

41.Government Participation

(1)The Government may elect to participate in the upstream petroleum operations in any development area and acquire an interest of up to .......................... per cent (...................%) (hereinafter referred to as "Participating Interest") of the total interest in that development area. The Government may participate either directly or through a National Oil Company.

(2)The Government shall exercise the right to participate by giving notice to the contractor within one hundred and eighty (180) days from the date the development plan for a development area is adopted under sub-clause 29(4). Such notice shall specify the Participating Interest that the Government has elected in that development area. If the Government exercises its option to participate, the contractor (or each entity constituting the contractor pro-rata) shall transfer to the Government that percentage interest specified by the Government. The Government's participation shall be effective from the date the development plan hereof is adopted.

(3)If the Government exercises its right to participate in a development area, the Government and the contractor shall execute the Participation Agreement, in a format as prescribed in Appendix "C" and made a part hereof, within ninety (90) days after notice to the contractor under sub-clause 41(2).

(4)The Government shall, in exercise of its right to participate in a development area—

(a)have the right to a vote in proportion to its participating interest with respect to all decisions taken under the Participation Agreement;

(b)own and separately take and dispose of its share in the petroleum produced and saved to which the contractor is entitled under this contract, corresponding to its participating interest in that development area. The contractor shall not be obligated to market the Government's share of petroleum corresponding to the Government's participating interest in that development area;

(c)assume its share of costs, expenses and obligations incurred in respect of that development area, from the effective date of its participation as defined in sub-clause 41(2), pro-rata in its participating interest;

(d)own a participating interest share in all assets acquired for upstream petroleum operations in or related to the development area;

(e)reimburse the contractor, without interest, pro-rata to the Government participating interest, its share of all costs, expenses and expenditure incurred in respect of the development area from the date the development plan for that development area has been adopted to the date the Government exercises its right to participate in that development area. This reimbursement shall be made within ninety (90) days after the Government exercises its right to participate.

42.Domestic Supply Obligations

(1)The contractor shall have the obligation to supply in priority crude oil and/or natural gas for domestic consumption in Kenya and shall sell to the Government that portion of the contractor's share of production which is necessary to satisfy the domestic supply requirement in accordance with the following provisions:

(2)In each calendar year, the Cabinet Secretary shall notify the contractor not less than ninety (90) days prior to the beginning of that calendar year, of the domestic supply requirement. The maximum amount of crude oil and/or natural gas that the Government may require from the contractor's share of production shall be calculated each calendar quarter, and shall be equal to the excess of total crude oil and/or natural gas domestic consumption in Kenya multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the average crude oil and/or natural gas production from the contract area and the denominator of which is the total crude oil and/or natural gas production from all producers in Kenya, over the amount of crude oil and/or natural gas available to the Government from the contract area as in the form of Government share of production under clause 38 and in the form of Government participation share under clause 41. For the purpose of this sub-clause, "domestic consumption" does not include crude oil and/or natural gas refined in Kenya for export.

(3)When the contractor is obligated to supply crude oil or natural gas for domestic consumption in Kenya, the price paid by the Government shall be calculated in accordance with clause 35. Such sales to the Government shall be invoiced monthly and shall be paid within sixty (60) days of receipt of the invoice, unless other terms and conditions are mutually agreed.

(4)With the written consent of the Cabinet Secretary the contractor may comply with this clause by importing crude oil or natural gas and recovery of the same amount from subsequent production, but appropriate adjustments shall be made in price and volume to reflect transportation costs, differences in quality, gravity and terms of sale.

(5)In this clause, "Government" includes an Appointee as defined herein and "contractor" does not include the Government where the Government has participated under clause 41.

(6)In the event that natural gas can be produced from the contract area, the obligation of the contractor to supply natural gas to the domestic market shall be agreed upon by the parties when approving the development plan related to such gas production, after taking into consideration, to the extent possible, principles similar to those provided for in sub-clauses 42(1) and (2).

Part VIII - BOOKS, ACCOUNTS, AUDITS, IMPORTS, EXPORTS AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE

43.Books, Accounts and Audits

(1)The contractor shall keep books and accounts in accordance with the accounting procedure and shall submit to the Cabinet Secretary and Authority a statement of those accounts, not more than ninety (90) days after the end of each calendar year.

(2)The contractor shall appoint an independent auditor of international standing, approved by the Government to audit annually the books and accounts of the contractor and report thereon; and the cost of such audit shall be at the charge of the contractor and considered as recoverable cost.

(3)The Government may audit the books and accounts within seven (7) calendar years of the period to which they relate, and shall complete that audit within two (2) calendar years.

(4)In the absence of an audit within seven (7) calendar years or in the absence of notice to the contractor of a discrepancy in the books and accounts within eight (8) calendar years of the period to which the audit relates the contractor's books and accounts shall be deemed correct.

(5)Nothing in this clause shall be construed as limiting the right of the Government or Officer of Government or a Government Agency pursuant to any power granted by law, to audit or cause to be audited the books of any contractor or operator.

44.Exports and Imports

(1)Save for the petroleum to be delivered to the Government pursuant to the terms of this contract, the contractor shall own and receive its share of petroleum produced from the contract area and shall be entitled to export such petroleum or to otherwise dispose of the same subject to the limitations and conditions set out in the East African Community Customs Management Act, 2004; the Customs and Excise Act, (Cap 472); the Value Added Tax Act, (Cap 472); and any other tax law in force in Kenya. The change of ownership of crude oil will occur at the Crude Oil Delivery Point and the change of ownership of natural gas will occur at the Natural Gas Delivery Point.

(2)The contractor and its sub-contractors engaged in carrying out upstream petroleum operations under this contract shall be permitted, subject to the limitations and conditions set out in East African Community Customs Management Act, 2004, the Customs & Excise Act, (Cap 472) and the Value Added Tax Act, (Cap 472) to import into Kenya all materials, equipment and supplies including but not limited to machinery, vehicles, consumable items, movable property and any other articles, to be used solely in carrying out upstream petroleum operations under this contract. However, the contractor and its sub-contractors shall give preference to Kenyan goods and services in accordance with clause 22 hereof. In relation to materials, equipment and supplies imported or to be imported pursuant to sub-clause 44(2), when the Authority or his representative has certified that they are to be used solely in carrying out upstream petroleum operations under this contract, the contractor and its sub-contractors shall make such imports subject to—

(a)approval of import licence;

(b)exchange control approval, subject to the provisions of clause 45 hereof; or

(c)independent inspection outside of Kenya by general superintendence or other inspecting body, appointed by the Government.

(3)The actual costs of contracts for technical and other services entered into by the contractor for upstream petroleum operations and for materials purchased by the contractor for use in upstream petroleum operations shall be recoverable, provided that those services and materials are reasonably required for upstream petroleum operations and provided further that the prices paid by the contractor are no higher than those currently prevailing in normal arm's length transactions of the open market for comparable services and materials.

(4)The contractor and its sub-contractors may sell in Kenya all imported items which are no longer needed for upstream petroleum operations. However, if such imports were exempt from customs duty and VAT, the seller shall fulfill all formalities required in connection with the payment of duties, taxes, fees and charges imposed on such sales.

(5)Subject to sub-clauses 13(4) and 13(5), a contractor and its contractors and subcontractors may export from Kenya subject to applicable tax laws, all previously imported items which are no longer required for the conduct of upstream petroleum operations under this contract.

(6)In the event that equipment and materials are required for subsequent upstream petroleum operations by another contractor in another contract area other than the contract area for which they were imported, a permit may be issued by the relevant authority upon application by the contractor for such equipment and materials to be used for the purpose stated.

(7)"Customs duties", as that term is used herein, shall include all duties, taxes on imports (except those charges paid to the Government for actual services rendered), which are payable as a result of the importation of the item or items under consideration.

45.Exchange and Currency Controls

(1)As long as the contractor meets its obligations to the Government in terms of tax payments or any other payments contemplated by this contract, and as long as the contractor complies with sub-clause 45(2) hereafter and is not in a material breach with this contract, the Government shall by appropriate legal notice grant the contractor, upon the effective date of this contract, the freedom to—

(a)open and freely maintain accounts inside Kenya and foreign bank accounts outside Kenya in accordance with Central Bank of Kenya (the Bank) laws and regulations issued under the Exchange and Currency control laws of Kenya;

(b)receive, retain outside Kenya and freely dispose of foreign currencies received by it outside Kenya, including the proceeds of sales of petroleum hereunder, and a contractor shall not be obligated to remit such proceeds to Kenya with the exception of those proceeds as may be needed to meet in Kenya its expenses and payments to the Government;

(c)pay directly outside Kenya for purchases of goods and services necessary to carry out upstream petroleum operations hereunder;

(d)pay its expatriate employees working in Kenya in foreign currencies outside of Kenya. Such expatriate employees shall be only required to bring into Kenya such foreign exchange as required to meet their personal living expenses and to meet payments of Kenyan taxes;

(e)freely repatriate abroad all proceeds from the contractor's upstream petroleum operations in Kenya, including but not limited to proceeds from the sale of assets and Petroleum; and

(f)have rates of exchange for purchase or sale of currency in Kenya, not less favourable to the contractor than those granted to any investor in Kenya.

(2)In order to keep the Government and the (the Bank) informed of its prospective and actual foreign exchange transactions, the contractor shall inform the Government and the Bank in writing and in such form and detail as the Government or the Bank may request—

(a)of the location of the contractor's bank accounts in Kenya and abroad, which latter accounts shall be opened in banks approved by the Bank;

(b)annually, before the commencement of each calendar year, of the contractor's estimated receipts and disbursements of foreign exchange by principal headings during the year (which statement may be amended from time to time if this appears necessary); and

(c)quarterly within thirty (30) days of the end of each calendar quarter, of the contractor's actual receipts and disbursements of foreign exchange by principal headings during the preceding quarter.

(3)Subject to the obligation to give preference to Kenyan goods and services as stipulated under clause 22, the contractor shall have the right to enter all contracts and sub-contracts necessary to carry -out upstream petroleum operations, without prior approval by the Bank or any other Government agency. The Government reserves the right to inspect the records or documentation related to such contracts and sub-contracts and, in accordance with clause 43, to appoint independent auditors to examine the accounts of the contractor, and the contractor shall provide a copy of such contracts within thirty (30) days after their execution, provided however that where the Government disputes anything in the contracts, the value in dispute shall not be included, until the dispute has been resolved, in respect of—

(a)the qualifying expenditure under the Income Tax laws and regulations;

(b)the Certificate of Approved Enterprise; and

(c)the qualifying payment under the Exchange and Currency control laws and regulations.

(4)The Government shall grant to the contractor a Certificate of Approved Enterprise in accordance with the Foreign Investments Protection laws of Kenya. The amount recognized by the certificate as having been invested shall be the actual amount for the time being invested by the contractor as set forth in its books of account maintained and audited in accordance with this contract, provided however that the contractor shall not repatriate any proceeds of sale of an asset forming part of either—

(a)qualifying expenditure under the Income Tax laws and regulations;

(b)any asset subject to a Certificate of Approved Enterprise, without written approval and the necessary amendments to the relevant certificate. Proceeds arising from any other source may be repatriated after the Government has certified that such repatriation is in order.

PART IX - GENERAL

46.Payments

(1)All sums due to the Government or the contractor shall be paid in USD or other currency agreed to by the Government and the contractor.

(2)Any late payment due to the Government shall attract interest at the rate of LIBOR plus three percent (3%) per annum.

47.Assignment

(1)After notice to the Cabinet Secretary the contractor may assign part or all of its rights and obligations under this contract to an affiliate with the prior approval of the Cabinet Secretary, provided such assignment shall result in the assignor and the assignee being jointly and severally liable for all of the assignor's obligations hereunder.

(2)The contractor may assign to a person other than an affiliate part or all of its rights and obligations under this contract, and other direct and indirect transfers of interest or participation in the contract may be transferred, in each case with the consent of the Cabinet Secretary, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld and which shall be granted or refused within ninety(90) days of receipt by the Cabinet Secretary of notice from the contractor that it intends to make such an assignment, but the Cabinet Secretary may require such an assignee to provide a guarantee for the performance of the obligations of the contractor.

(3)The contractor shall report to the Cabinet Secretary any material changes in the corporate structure, ownership and financial position of the contractor and its parent company.

(4)The contractor shall report to the Cabinet Secretary any Change in Control in its corporate structure, including a Change in Control outside Kenya arising by acquisition or exchange of shares, which shall be deemed and treated as an assignment within Kenya for the purposes of clause 47. Any Change in Control shall be subject to the prior consent of the Cabinet Secretary.

(5)The contractor shall furnish to the Cabinet Secretary copies of all agreements and deeds related to an assignment.

(6)At any time at which the contractor is constituted by more than one entity, the reference in clause 47 to "the Contractor" shall be construed as a reference to each one of those entities.

(7)Any assignment pursuant to this clause shall be fully disclosed by the assignor to the Kenyan tax authority. Any tax arising from any assignment pursuant to the Income Tax Act shall be paid by the assignor in the manner specified in the Income Tax Act.

(8)An assignment under clause 47 means any assignment or transfer, sale or merger, directly or indirectly, including by Change in Control, of any right, power or interest in the contract area and this contract.

48.Manager, Advocate and Joint Operation Agreement

(1)The contractor shall notify the Cabinet Secretary, before the upstream petroleum operations begin, of the name and address of the person resident in Kenya who will supervise the upstream petroleum operations, and prior notice of any subsequent change shall be given to the Cabinet Secretary.

(2)The contractor shall appoint an advocate resident in Kenya with power of representation in all matters relating to this contract, of which appointment the Cabinet Secretary shall be notified before the upstream petroleum operations begin, and prior notice of any subsequent change shall be given to the Cabinet Secretary.

(3)Where the contractor consists of more than one person, the contractor shall deliver to the Cabinet Secretary a copy of the Joint Operating Agreement between those persons.

(4)The appointment of an operator by a contractor and any change in operator shall be subject to prior approval by the Cabinet Secretary.

49.Confidentiality

(1)All information (including the data, samples and reports referred to in clauses 14 and 15) which the contractor may supply to the Government under this contract shall be supplied at the expense of the contractor.

(2)The parties shall keep the information that the other party may supply under this contract confidential, and shall not disclose it to any other person other than to a person employed by or on behalf of the party except where such information is required to be published in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution or by a lawful order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction to disclose, except with the consent of the other party which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld.

(3)Notwithstanding sub-clause 49(2), the Cabinet Secretary may use any information supplied, for the purpose of preparing and publishing reports and returns required by law, and for the purpose of preparing and publishing reports and surveys of a general nature.

(4)The Cabinet Secretary may publish any information which relates to a surrendered area at any time after the surrender, and in any other case, three (3) years after the information was received unless the Cabinet Secretary determines, after presentation by the contractor, that a longer period shall apply.

(5)This contract is a public document and the Government shall have the right to publish and keep it publicly available. The Government may publish such information concerning this contract as may be required by the laws of Kenya, including for purposes of obtaining ratification of the contract by Parliament in accordance with Article 71 of the Constitution, or in accordance with internationally accepted standards and norms concerning transparency in the extractive industries.

50.Force Majeure

(1)In this clause, force majeure means an occurrence beyond the reasonable control of the Cabinet Secretary or the Government or the Authority or the contractor which prevents any of them from performing their obligations under this contract.

(2)Where the Cabinet Secretary, the Government or the contractor is prevented from complying with this contract by force majeure, the person affected shall promptly give written notice to the other and the obligations of the affected person shall be suspended, provided that that person shall do all things reasonably within its power to remove such cause of force majeure. Upon cessation of the force majeure event, the person no longer affected shall promptly notify the other persons.

(3)Where the person not affected disputes the existence of force majeure, that dispute shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with clause 53.

(4)Where an obligation is suspended by force majeure for more than one (1) year, the parties may agree to terminate this contract by notice in writing without further obligations.

(5)Subject to sub-clause 50(4), the term of the contract shall be automatically extended for the period of the force majeure.

51.WaiverA waiver of an obligation of the contractor shall be in writing, signed by the Cabinet Secretary, and no waiver shall be implied if the Cabinet Secretary does not exercise a remedy under this contract.

52.Governing Law

(1)This contract shall be governed by, interpreted and construed in accordance with the Laws of Kenya.

(2)The contractor agrees that it shall obey and abide by all laws and regulations in force in Kenya.

(3)If after the effective date of this contract the economic benefits of a party are substantially affected by the promulgation of new laws and regulations, or of any amendments to the applicable laws and regulations of Kenya, the parties shall agree to make the necessary adjustments to the relevant provisions of this contract, observing the principle of the mutual economic benefits of the parties.

(4)Nothing in this clause shall be interpreted as imposing any limitation or constraint on the scope or due and proper enforcement of the laws of Kenya of general application and which are in the interest of health, safety, conservation, or the protection of the environment for the regulation of any category of property or activity carried on in Kenya; provided, however, that the Government shall at all times during the conduct of upstream petroleum operations ensure in accordance with clause 16, that measures taken in the interest of health, safety, conservation or the protection of the environment are in accordance with best petroleum industry practices.

(5)The decisions of the Cabinet Secretary under the contract shall be taken and made in accordance with the provisions of the Act and regulations.

53.Dispute ResolutionAmicable Settlement

(1)Except as otherwise provided in this contract, any difference or dispute arising out of or in relation to or in connection with this contract shall, as far as possible, be settled amicably. If any difference or dispute remains unresolved, either party shall have the right to serve upon the other party a detailed statement stating the issues in dispute. Within fourteen (14) days of receipt of the statement or other mutually agreed period, the Cabinet Secretary and the chief executive of the contractor shall meet to resolve the difference or dispute. Where no settlement is reached within thirty (30) days from the date of the meeting, either party shall have the right, subject to clause (2), to have such difference or dispute be resolved through arbitration in accordance with UNCITRAL arbitration rules adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law.Expert Determination

(2)In lieu of resorting to arbitration, the Cabinet Secretary and the contractor, where they consider appropriate, by mutual agreement, may refer the dispute for determination by a sole expert to be appointed by agreement of the parties. In such case, the parties shall agree on the terms of reference for the expert determination, schedule and other procedural matters. The decision of the sole expert shall be final and binding. The sole expert shall make a determination within ninety (90) days of his appointment. Where the sole expert fails to make a determination within the allotted time, either party may call for the matter to be resolved through arbitration as provided herein below.Arbitration

(3)The arbitration procedure shall commence by a written request of either party (applicant party) to the UNCITRAL with a simultaneous notification to the other party. The arbitration proceedings shall commence within sixty (60) days of the date of receipt of that request by the UNICITRAL.

(4)The number of arbitrators shall be three (3) and shall be appointed as follows—

(a)each party shall appoint one (1) arbitrator and so notify the other party and the Secretariat of the UNCITRAL of such appointment within thirty (30) days of the expiry of the period specified in sub-clause 53(3).

(b)where the applicant party fails to appoint its arbitrator within the thirty (30) day period, it shall be deemed to have abandoned its application.

(c)where the defending party has not appointed its arbitrator within thirty (30) days following the receipt of the notice, the applicant party may request the UNCITRAL to appoint an arbitrator within thirty (30) days of the date of receipt of that request by the UNICITRAL.

(d)within forty five (45) days after the appointment of the last arbitrator, the two arbitrators shall select, by mutual agreement, a third arbitrator, who shall be designated as the Chairperson of the arbitral tribunal.

(e)where the two arbitrators fail to select the third arbitrator, either party may request in writing the Secretary General of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes to appoint the third arbitrator. The Secretary General shall forthwith send a copy of that request to the other party. The Secretary General shall comply with the request within thirty (30) days from the receipt thereof or such longer period as the parties may agree. The Secretary General shall promptly notify the parties of any appointment or designation made by him pursuant to the aforesaid request.

(5)The arbitrators shall not be of the same nationality as either of the parties. If any arbitrator fails or is unable to act, his successors shall be appointed in the same manner as the arbitrator whom he succeeds.

(6)The arbitrators shall hear and determine the matter within ninety (90) days of the appointment of the third arbitrator. The decision of the majority of the arbitrators shall be final and binding on the parties and shall be enforceable under the laws of the Republic of Kenya. Any party may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for enforcement of such award. The arbitration award may take the form of an order to pay a sum of money, or to perform an act, or to refrain from an act, or any combination of such orders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a party is entitled to seek preliminary injunctive relief or interim or conservatory measures from any court of competent jurisdiction pending the final decision or award of the arbitrators.

(7)The place of arbitration proceedings shall be Nairobi, Kenya. The language used for the proceedings shall be English language.

(8)The applicable laws shall be the laws of the Republic of Kenya, and the provisions of this contract shall be interpreted in accordance with those laws.

(9)Each party shall pay for its own counsel and other costs, however, the cost of the arbitral tribunal shall be allocated in accordance with the decision of the arbitral tribunal. The costs of the sole expert shall be borne equally by both parties. The costs incurred in arbitration or the sole expert determination shall not be recoverable costs under the contract.

(10)The parties shall continue to perform their respective obligations under the contract during any sole expert or arbitration proceedings.

(11)The right to arbitrate differences or disputes arising out of this contract shall survive the termination of this contract.

Notices

(1)Any notice and other communication under this contract shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand, sent by registered post, certified post, or fax to the following address of the other;To the Government:Ministry of Energy and PetroleumFAO Hon Cabinet SecretaryKenyatta AvenueP.O Box 30582 - 00100Nairobi, KenyaTo the Contractor:..............................................

(2)A notice shall be effective on receipt.

(3)Any notice, if sent by facsimile, shall be deemed received by the party to whom it was addressed on the first business day after the day upon which the facsimile was received. Any notice, if by personal delivery to any party, shall be deemed to be received by the addressee on the date of delivery, if that date is a business day, or otherwise, on the next business day following. In the event that a notice sent by facsimile includes a request for confirmation of the receipt thereof, such a confirmation shall be sent no later than one (1) business day after receipt of the notice. The contractor may at any time and from time to time change its authorized representative or its address herein on giving the Government ten (10) days' notice in writing to such effect.

54.Heading and Amendments

(1)Headings are inserted in this contract for convenience only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation hereof.

(2)This contract shall not be amended, modified or supplemented except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties.

(3)In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this contract and its Appendices, the provisions of this contract shall prevail.

(4)In the event one of the provisions of this contract is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable, such provision shall be deemed severed from this contract and the remaining provisions of this contract shall continue in full force and effect.

(5)This contract shall be executed in six (6) originals, four (4) for the Government and two (2) for the contractor.

Signed on the day and year first before written:
SIGNED by the duly authorized Representative of theGOVERNMENT..................................................................................
THE CABINET SECRETARYIn the presence of:-.......................................................................................	]]]...............] sign]
PRINCIPAL SECRETARYSEALED with the common seal of CONTRACTOR..................................................................In the presence of:-	]]] seal]]
Director ........................................name	]] sign]
Director ........................................name	]] sign]

Note: Appendices to each petroleum agreement will—

(a)identify the block to which the petroleum agreement relates (Appendix "A");

(b)provide for the accounting procedures to be followed by the contractor (Appendix "B"); and

(c)specify the terms and conditions of participation (Appendix "C").

APPENDIX "A"

THE CONTRACT AREA

(The Area to which the Petroleum Agreement relates)

APPENDIX "B"

ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE

1. PART I - GENERAL PROVISION

The purpose of this accounting procedure is to establish methods and rules of accounting for upstream petroleum operations and the principles set forth herein shall apply to upstream petroleum operations pursuant to the production sharing contract (hereinafter referred to as the "Contract"), to which this Appendix is attached.

1.1INTERPRETATION

1.1.1.DEFINITIONS—"controllable material" means material which the operator subjects to record control and inventory. A list of types of such material shall be furnished to the Government and non-operator(s);"joint account" means the set of accounts maintained by the operator to record all expenditure and other transactions under the provisions of the contract. Such accounts will distinguish between exploration, evaluation, development, decommissioning and production costs. After adoption of a development plan a separate joint account shall be maintained for each development area;"joint property" means all property acquired and held in connection with upstream petroleum operations under the contract;"material" means personal property, including supplies and equipment, acquired and held for use in upstream petroleum operations;"non operator(s)" means the entities constituting the contractor other than the operator, and the Government when it participates.Words not defined herein, but which are defined in the contract, shall have the meanings ascribed to them therein.

1.1.2.PRECEDENCE OF DOCUMENTIn the event of conflict between the provisions of this accounting procedure and the provisions of the contract, the provisions of the contract shall prevail.

1.2ACCOUNTING OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR

1.2.1.The contractor shall maintain financial accounts necessary to record in reasonable detail the transactions relating to upstream petroleum operations which shall be prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

1.2.2.Within ninety (90) days after the Effective Date, the contractor shall submit for approval to the Cabinet Secretary, and discuss with the Cabinet Secretary and the Kenyan tax authority(ies), a proposed outline of a chart of accounts, detailed classification of costs, costs centres, books, records, statements and reports to be established in accordance with the Contract and this accounting procedure. Following such discussion and approval, the contractor shall provide copies of the comprehensive charts of accounts and the manuals to be used, which may be revised from time to time by mutual agreement.

1.2.3.The contractor shall provide details of the financial accounts in the form of monthly statements which shall—

(a)reflect all charges and credits related to upstream petroleum operations;

(b)be prepared on an accrual basis so that expenditure is recorded as incurred when title to goods passes, or when work is executed; and

(c)present the total accounts for the contract area and each development area and the share of each non-operator.

1.2.4.In addition, when the contractor is constituted by more than one entity, each such entity shall provide details of its financial accounts related to the upstream petroleum operations.

1.3LANGUAGE AND UNITS OF ACCOUNTS

1.3.1.All books and accounts shall be maintained in the English language, United States Dollars and Kenya Shillings provided that the United States Dollar accounts will prevail in case of conflict. Where necessary for clarification, the contractor may also maintain accounts and records in other language and currencies.

1.3.2.It is the intent of this accounting procedure that neither the Government nor the contractor should experience an exchange gain or loss at the expense of, or to the benefit of, the other. However, should there be any gain or loss from exchange of currency, it shall be credited or charged to the accounts under the contract.

1.4AUDITS AND INSPECTION RIGHTS OF THE GOVERNMENT

1.4.1.The Government, upon thirty (30) days advance written notice to the contractor, shall have the right at its sole expense to audit the joint account and related records for any calendar year or portion thereof within the seven (7) year period following the end of such year. Notice of any exception to the contractor's accounts of any calendar year must be submitted to the contractor within eight (8) years from the end of such year.

1.4.2.For purposes of auditing, the Government may examine and verify, at reasonable times, all charges and credits relating to the upstream petroleum operations such as books of account, accounting entries, material records and inventories, vouchers, payrolls, invoices and any other documents, correspondence and records necessary to audit and verify the charges and credits. Furthermore, the auditors shall have the right in connection with such audit, to visit and inspect at reasonable times, all sites, plants, facilities, warehouses and offices of the contractor directly or indirectly serving the upstream petroleum operations including visiting personnel associated with those operations.

1.4.3.All agreed adjustments resulting from an audit shall be rectified promptly in the contractor's accounts, and any consequential adjustments to payments due to the contractor or the Government, as the case may be, shall be made promptly. Any unresolved dispute arising in connection with an audit shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with clause 53 of the contract, and until such dispute is resolved the contractor shall maintain the relevant documents in connection with such unresolved dispute and shall permit inspection thereof.

1.4.4.Disputes relating to tax shall be resolved through the tax disputes resolution processes as provided in the relevant tax laws.

1.4.5.The contractor shall appoint an independent auditor of international standing approved by the Cabinet Secretary to audit annually the accounts and records of upstream petroleum operations and report thereon, and the cost of such audit and report shall be chargeable to the joint account.

1.5REVISION OF ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE

1.5.1.By mutual agreement between the Government and the contractor, this accounting procedure may be revised from time to time by an instrument in writing signed by both the parties.

1.5.2.The parties agree that if any procedure established herein proves unfair or inequitable to any party, the parties shall meet and in good faith agree on the changes necessary to correct that unfairness or inequity.

2. PART II — CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURES AMONG COST CENTRES

2.1.The detailed categories of petroleum costs shall be agreed pursuant to sub-clause 1.2.2 of this Annex B and shall include the following main categories-

2.1.1.exploration costs incurred for exploration operations;

2.1.2.development costs incurred for development operations;

2.1.3.production costs incurred for production operations;

2.1.4.decommissioning costs incurred for decommissioning operations;

2.1.5.Uplift.

2.2.Exploration costs, in respect of the contract area, are those costs which relate to exploration operations incurred in accordance with an approved annual exploration and appraisal work programmes and budget. They include for the purposes of accounting the evaluation operations in respect of a discovery.

2.3.Development costs, in respect of a development area, are those costs Incurred in respect of the activities carried out in accordance with an approved development plan and the relevant annual development work programmes and budgets, and consists of:

2.3.1.Before the commencement of commercial production in a development area, those costs whether of a capital or operating nature, which relate to development operation; and

2.3.2.From the commencement of commercial production in a development area, those costs of a capital nature only, Which relate to the continuation of the development of the commercial discovery and investments for the recovery of petroleum from such discovery.

2.4Production costs, in respect of a development area, are those costs of an operating nature only, excluding development costs and decommissioning costs, which relate to production operations carried out from the commencement of commercial production in respect of such development area in accordance with approved annual production work programmes and budgets.

2.5Decommissioning costs, in respect of a development area, are those costs or contributions to the decommissioning fund related to abandonment and decommissioning operations set out in clause 17 of the Contract.

2.6The Petroleum costs in each category of costs that cannot be related to a certain area and the general and administrative costs referred to in Part III shall be allocated to categories of costs and to area in accordance with the approved methods set out in sub-clause 2.7 and 2.8.

2.7The petroleum costs shall be allocated among the categories of upstream petroleum operations in the following manner:

2.7.1.Exploration operations, subdivided further into:

2.7.1.1.Aerial, geological, geochemical, and other surveys;

2.7.1.2.Each individual seismic survey;

2.7.1.3.Each individual exploratory well or appraisal well;

2.7.1.4.Infrastructure such as roads, airstrips;

2.7.1.5.Support facilities such as warehouses, including an allocation of common service costs (costs related to various upstream petroleum operations);

2.7.1.6.An allocation of the general and administrative costs; and

2.7.1.7.The exploration operations;

2.7.2.Development operation up to the delivery points, subdivided further into:

2.7.2.1.Aerial, geological, geochemical, geophysical and other surveys;

2.7.2.2.Each individual development well;

2.7.2.3.Flow lines and gathering lines;

2.7.2.4.Field facilities;

2.7.2.5.Tank farms and other storage facilities for petroleum;

2.7.2.6.Pipelines and trunks;

2.7.2.7.Infrastructure;

2.7.2.8.Support facilities, including an allocation of common service costs (costs related to various upstream petroleum operations);

2.7.2.9.An allocation of the general and administrative costs; and

2.7.2.10.Other development operations, including engineering and design studies.

2.7.3.Production operations, subdivided in the same manner as development operations.

2.7.4.Decommissioning operations subdivided in the same manner as development operations.

2.8.Petroleum costs shall be allocated to crude oil and natural gas, where both products are being produced and saved. Such allocation shall be made in accordance with the following principles:

2.8.1.Where costs are exclusively related to either crude oil or natural gas, such costs shall be allocated completely to the respective category.

2.8.2.Where costs can be attributed to both crude oil and natural gas, the costs shall be allocated pursuant to the method agreed by the parties in accordance with best petroleum industry practices.

3. PART III — COSTS, EXPENSES, EXPENDITURE AND CREDITS OF THE CONTRACTOR AND NON-RECOVERABLE COSTS

Subject to the provisions of the contract, the contractor shall bear and pay the following costs and expenses necessary to conduct upstream petroleum operations. Such petroleum costs are recoverable by the contractor in accordance with the provisions of the contract when incurred under approved annual Work Programmes and Budgets and duly entered in the Joint Account.

3.1.LABOUR AND RELATED COSTS

3.1.1Salaries and wages of employees of the operator and its affiliate(s) for portion of their time spent performing management, administrative, legal, accounting, treasury, tax, employee relations, computer services, engineering, geological, geophysical, and all other functions for the benefit of petroleum operation, whether temporarily or permanently assigned to the contract area, as well as the cost of employee benefits, customary allowances and personal expenses incurred under the usual practice of the operator and its affiliate(s) and amounts imposed by governmental authorities, which are applicable to such employees.

3.2.MATERIAL

3.2.1.The cost of material, equipment and supplies purchased or furnished by the operator for use in upstream petroleum operations shall be charged to the joint account on the basis set forth below. So far as it is reasonably practical and consistent with efficient and economical operations, only such material shall be purchased for or transferred to the joint property as may be required for immediate use and/or for approved work programmes and the accumulation of surplus stock shall be avoided.

3.2.1.1.Except as otherwise provided in sub-clause 3.2.1.2 below, material purchased, leased or rented shall be charged at the actual net cost incurred by the operator. "Net cost" shall include, but shall not be limited to, such items as vendor's invoice price, transportation, duties, fees and applicable taxes less all discounts actually received.

3.2.1.2.Material purchased or transferred from the contractor or its affiliate(s) shall be charged at the prices specified here below-

3.2.1.2.1.New material (condition "A") shall be valued at the current international net cost which shall not exceed the price prevailing in normal arm's length transactions on the open market;

3.2.1.2.2.Used material (conditions "B", "C" and "D")—

3.2.1.2.2.1.material which is in sound and serviceable condition and is suitable for re-use without reconditioning shall be classified as condition "B" and priced at seventy–five per cent (75%) of the current price of new material defined in clause 3.2.1.2.1 above;

3.2.1.2.2.2.material which cannot be classified as condition “B” but which after reconditioning will be further serviceable for its original function shall be classified as condition “C" and priced at fifty percent (50%) of the current price of new material as defined in clause 3.2.1.2.1 above. The cost of reconditioning shall be charged to the reconditioned material provided that the value of condition "C" material plus the cost of reconditioning do not exceed the value of condition "B" material;

3.2.1.2.2.3.material which cannot be classified as condition "B" or condition "C" shall be classified as condition "D" and priced at a value commensurate with its use.

3.2.2.INVENTORIES

3.2.2.1.At reasonable intervals, inventories shall be taken by the operator of all controllable material. The operator shall give ninety (90) days' written notice of intention to take such inventories to allow the Cabinet Secretary and non-operator(s) to be represented when any inventory is taken. Failure of any party to be represented after due notice given shall bind such party to accept the inventory taken by the operator.

3.2.2.2.The operator shall clearly state the principles upon which valuation of the inventory has been based.

3.2.2.3.Whenever there is a sale or change of interest in the joint property, a special inventory may be taken by the operator, provided the seller and/or purchaser of such interest agrees to bear all of the expense thereof. In such cases, both the seller and the purchaser shall be entitled to be represented and shall be governed by the inventory so taken.

3.3.TRANSPORTATION AND EMPLOYEE RELOCATION COSTS

3.3.1.Transportation of material and other related costs such as origin services, expediting, crating, dock charges, forwarder's charges, surface and air freight, and customs clearance and other destination services.

3.3.2.Transportation of employees as required in the conduct of upstream petroleum operations, including employees of the operator's affiliate(s) whose salaries and wages are chargeable under sub-clause 3.1.1 and 3.4.2.

3.3.3.Relocation costs of the contract area vicinity of employees permanently or temporarily assigned to upstream petroleum operations. Relocation costs from the contract area vicinity, except when an employee is re-assigned to another location classified as a foreign location by the operator. Such costs include transportation of employees' families and their personal and household effects and all other relocation costs in accordance with the usual practice of the operator and its affiliate(s).

3.4.SERVICES

3.4.1.The actual costs of contract services, professional consultants, and other services performed by third parties other than services provided by the contractor or its affiliate(s), but the prices paid by the contractor shall not be higher than those generally charged for comparable services.

3.4.2.Costs of technical services, such as but not limited to, engineering, and related data processing, performed by the contractor and its affiliate(s) for the direct benefit of upstream petroleum operations, engineering and related data processing, performed by the contractor provided such costs shall not exceed those currently prevailing if performed by third parties in normal arm's length transaction for like services.

3.4.3.Costs of use of equipment and facilities for the direct benefit of the up stream petroleum operations, furnished by contractor or its affiliate(s) at rates commensurate with the cost of ownership, or rental, and the cost of operation thereof, but such rates shall not exceed those currently prevailing in the general vicinity of the contract area in normal arm's length transactions on the open market for like services and equipment.

3.5.DAMAGES AND LOSSES TO JOINT PROPERTY

3.5.1All costs or expenses necessary for the repair or replacement of joint property resulting from damages or losses incurred by fire, flood, storm, theft, accident, or any other cause, except insofar as those costs and expenses are caused by the willful misconduct of the operator. The operator shall furnish the Government and non-operator( s) written notice of damages or losses for each damage or loss in excess of fifty thousand U.S. dollars (U.S.$50,000) as soon as the loss has come to the notice of the contractor.

3.6.INSURANCE

3.6.1Premiums for insurance required under the contract, provided that a party not participating in such insurance shall not share in the costs unless such insurance is compulsory under the laws of Kenya and provided further, that if such insurance is wholly or partly placed with an affiliate of the contractor such premiums shall be recoverable only to the extent generally charged by competitive insurance companies other than an affiliate of the contractor.

3.7.LEGAL EXPENSES

3.7.1All costs or expenses of litigation or legal services otherwise necessary or expedient for the protection of the joint property or other interest in the contract area, including but not limited to legal counsel's salaries and fees, court costs and cost of investigation or procuring evidence. These services may be performed by the operator's legal staff or an outside firm as necessary.

3.8.DUTIES AND TAXES

3.8.1All duties, taxes (except taxes based on income, profit or gains), fees, and governmental assessments of every kind and nature which have been paid by the contractor with respect to the Contract unless specifically excluded under this Contract.

3.9.OFFICES, CAMPS AND MISCELLANEOUS FACILITIES

3.9.1Cost of establishing, maintaining and operating the offices, sub-offices, camps, warehouses, housing and other facilities directly serving upstream petroleum operations. The costs shall be allocated to the operations served on an equitable basis.

3.10.GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

3.10.1.This charge shall be made monthly for services of all personnel and officers of the operator and its affiliate(s) outside Kenya and those not otherwise provided herein. It shall include services and related office costs of personnel performing management, administrative, legal, accounting, treasury, tax, employee relations, computer services, purchasing, engineering, geological, geophysical, and all other functions for the direct benefit of upstream petroleum operations. General and administrative expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for the Kenyan operations are wholly deductible. General and administrative expenses which have not been incurred wholly and exclusively incurred for Kenyan operations will be charged on an allocation criteria provided by the contractor subject to approval of the Cabinet Secretary and Kenyan Tax Authorities.

3.10.2.Within ninety (90) days following the end of each quarter, the operator shall determine the actual costs incurred in performing such services, and shall charge or credit the joint account for the difference between the actual cost incurred for the quarter and the provisional rate charged during the quarter.

3.10.3.On request of the Government or a non-operator, the operator shall make available at its Kenyan office all supporting documents used for the determination of the charges. Such documents shall include but shall not be limited to time allocation reports prepared by employees providing services described in part, cash vouchers supporting cash expenses included in the overhead pool, intercompany billings supporting charges for services provided by operator's affiliates (e.g. building rentals, telecommunications paid by the operator's parent company), summary or impersonalized computer run supporting salaries, wages and employee benefits and other such documents as may be mutually agreed.

3.11.OTHER EXPENDITURE

3.11.1.Other reasonable expenditure not covered or dealt with in the foregoing provisions which are incurred by the operator and its affiliate(s) for the necessary, proper, economical and efficient conduct of upstream petroleum operations only with the approval by the Cabinet Secretary.

3.11.2.Interest and financing charges incurred on loans or other forms of financial accommodation raised by the contractor for expenditure in upstream petroleum operations under the contract shall be non-recoverable costs in accordance with sub-clause 3.14 below.

3.12.CREDITS UNDER THE CONTRACT

3.12.1.The net proceeds of the following transactions shall be credited to the account for cost recovery purposes under the contract-

3.12.1.1.the net proceeds of any insurance or claim in connection with the upstream petroleum operations or any assets charged to the accounts under the contract;

3.12.1.2.revenue received from other parties for the use of property or assets charged to the accounts under the contract;

3.12.1.3.any adjustment received by the contractor from the suppliers/manufacturers or their agents in connection with defective equipment or material the cost of which was previously charged by the contractor under the contract;

3.12.1.4.rentals, refunds or other credits received by the contractor which apply to any charge which has been made to the accounts under the contract;

3.12.1.5.proceeds from all sales of surplus material or assets charged to the account under the contract; and

3.12.1.6.the prices originally charged to the accounts under the contract for inventory materials subsequently exported from Kenya.

3.13.NO DUPLICATION OF CHARGES AND CREDITS

3.13.1Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this accounting procedure, it is the intention that there shall be no duplication of charges or credits in the accounts under the contract.

3.14.NON-RECOVERABLE COSTS AND EXPENSES

3.14.1.Costs and expenses not specifically identified as recoverable in this clause shall not be recoverable by the contractor. Such non-recoverable costs and expenses include, but are not limited to, the following:

3.14.1.1.taxes on income or profit paid to any Government authority (except taxes and duties that may be included in the costs of material and equipment purchased for upstream petroleum operations);

3.14.1.2.any payment made to the Government by reason of the failure of the contractor to fulfill its minimum work and expenditure obligations in respect of the initial exploration period, the first additional exploration period, or the second additional exploration period under the contract;

3.14.1.3.the cost of any letter of guarantee, if any, required under the contract;

3.14.1.4.the signature bonus set out in clause 6 of the contract;

3.14.1.5.the surface fees set out in clause 6 of the contract;

3.14.1.6.training fees and other related costs.

3.14.1.7.costs of marketing or transportation of petroleum beyond the delivery point;

3.14.1.8.interest, arrangement costs and any foreign exchange costs relating to loans or other financing arrangements raised by the contractor for capital expenditure in upstream petroleum operations under the contract;

3.14.1.9.any accounting provision for depreciation and/or amortization, excluding any depreciation and/or amortization expressly permitted under the contract;

3.14.1.10.costs incurred before the Effective Date;

3.14.1.11.Any foreign exchange and currency hedging costs;

3.14.1.12.Donations or charitable contributions and/or services relating to public relations;

3.14.1.13.Costs that were not incurred within an approved Annual Work Program and Budget, as revised, or are of a category not permitted by this Contract;

3.14.1.14.Decommissioning Costs actually incurred which have been effectively funded from the Decommissioning Fund through contributions made to such Fund which are already recovered when those Costs are incurred;

3.14.1.15.Costs in excess of those in line with the international market price for goods or services of similar quality supplied on similar terms prevailing at the time such goods or services were obtained or ordered by the contractor;

3.14.1.16.Any costs not reasonably required for the upstream petroleum operations;

3.14.1.17.Expenditures on research and development of new equipment, materials and techniques;

3.14.1.18.Costs for which the records do not exist or which are not adequately documented;

3.14.1.19.Costs of arbitration and expert determination pursuant to clauses 35 and 53 of the Contract in respect of any dispute under this Contract;

3.14.1.20.Fines and penalties imposed under the laws of Kenya;

3.14.1.21.Costs due to a violation to this Contract or the laws and regulations applicable to the upstream petroleum operations, including any amount spent on indemnities or penalties arising from the non-fulfillment of contractual obligations, such as any payment made to the Government by reason of the failing of the contractor to fulfill its minimum exploration work and expenditure obligations under the Contract;

3.14.1.22.Costs incurred as a result of willful misconduct or negligence of the contractor, its agents or subcontractors, including any payments for damages under the Contract;

3.14.1.23.The acquisition costs or any other payments or charges in relation with the transfer of an interest in accordance with clause 47 of the Contract, including but not limited to any payments of considerations, private overriding royalties net profits and interests;

3.14.1.24.Corporate Social Responsibility Costs or Social Infrastructure Costs; and

3.14.1.25.any recoverable costs recovered elsewhere under the Kenyan laws.

4. PART IV — FINANCIAL REPORTS TO THE CABINET SECRETARY

4.1.The reporting obligations provided for in this Part shall, unless the contrary is stated, apply to the operator.

4.2The operator shall submit annually to the Cabinet Secretary the following—

4.2.1.the annual work programme and budget three (3) months before the beginning of the year to which they apply and the budget shall be analyzed by item within the exploration programme, evaluation programme, development programme, production programme and decommissioning programme and show for each major budget item, with reasonable detail, the following -

4.2.1.1.latest forecast of cumulative petroleum costs anticipated at the start of the budget year;

4.2.1.2.cumulative expenditure anticipated at the end of each quarter of the budget year; and

4.2.1.3.expenditure anticipated in future years to complete the budget item.

4.2.2.a schedule of the service and supply contracts, to be let during the forthcoming year which require payment in foreign currency exceeding the equivalent of two hundred thousand U.S. Dollars (USD200,000.00) per contract, showing the anticipated tender date and approximate value and the goods or services to be provided;

4.2.3.the audit report required by sub-clause 1.4.5. of this accounting procedure, stating whether in the opinion of the auditors of the contract-

4.2.3.1.the last annual expenditure report and records reflects a true and fair view of the actual expenditure of the contractor in accordance with the provisions of the contract;

4.2.3.2.the reports on petroleum revenue submitted truly and fairly determine the arm's length value of disposals of Petroleum during the year.

4.3The operator shall submit quarterly within thirty (30) days of each quarter to the Cabinet Secretary:

4.3.1.a report of expenditure and receipts under the contract analyzed by budget item showing-

4.3.1.1.actual expenditure and receipts for the quarter in question;

4.3.1.2.actual cumulative Petroleum cost to date;

4.3.1.3.latest forecast cumulative cost at the year end;

4.3.1.4.variations between budget costs and actual costs and explanations thereof; and

4.3.1.5.with effect from adoption of the development plan, the total payroll costs segregated between Kenyan and non-Kenyan personnel and the total expenditure segregated between Kenyan and non-Kenyan goods and services;

4.3.2.a cost recovery statement containing the following information, disclosing costs incurred and recovered as attributed to either exploration, development, production or decommissioning activities—

4.3.2.1.recoverable petroleum costs carried forward from the previous quarter, if any;

4.3.2.2.recoverable petroleum costs incurred and paid during the quarter;

4.3.2.3.total recoverable petroleum costs for the quarter ((4.3.2.1) plus (4.3.2.2) above);

4.3.2.4.quantity and value of cost Petroleum taken and separately disposed of by the contractor for the quarter;

4.3.2.5.volume and value of Petroleum recovered for the quarter;

4.3.2.6.amount of recoverable petroleum costs to be carried forward into the next quarter, if any; and

4.3.2.7.value of Government's share of production taken by the contractor pursuant to clause 38 of the contract.

4.4A copy of each contract for goods or services valued in excess of Five Hundred Thousand U.S. Dollars (USD 500,000.00)shall be provided to the Cabinet Secretary as soon as practicable after its execution, together with a contract summary containing -

4.4.1.a description of the goods or services to be provided;

4.4.2.the approximate consideration for the contract;

4.4.3.the names of proposed bidders, contractors or suppliers; and

4.4.4.a brief description of the efforts made to find a Kenyan supplier or contractor including the names of businesses considered and the reasons for rejecting them.

4.5After the commencement of production the operator shall, within fifteen (15) days after the end of each month, submit a production report to the Cabinet Secretary showing for each development area the quantity of petroleum-

4.5.1.held in stocks at the beginning of the month;

4.5.2.produced during the month;

4.5.3.lifted and by whom during the month;

4.5.4.lost and consumed in upstream petroleum operations during the month; and

4.5.5.held in stocks at the end of the month.

4.6A lifting party shall submit, within fifteen (15) days after the end of each month, a report to the Cabinet Secretary stating-

4.6.1.the quantities and sales value of arm's length petroleum sales made in that month;

4.6.2.the quantities, sales value and arm's length value of disposals of petroleum other than by sale at arm's length during the month; and

4.6.3.the total petroleum revenue for that month.

4.7.The Contractor shall deliver to the Cabinet Secretary monthly statements showing calculations of the value of Petroleum produced and sold from the Contract Area, and each Development Area, which statements shall include, inter alia, the following information:

4.7.1.Quantities of crude oil and/or natural gas sold by the contractor during the preceding month constituting arm's length sales together with corresponding sale prices;

4.7.2.Quantities of crude oil and/or natural gas sold by the contractor during the preceding month that did not constitute arm's length sales together with corresponding sale prices;

APPENDIX "C"

PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT

This Participation Agreement, made and entered into on this ......day of .................., 20.................., by and between the Government of the Republic of Kenya (hereinafter referred to as the "Government") represented for the purpose of this agreement by the Cabinet Secretary for the time being responsible for petroleum (hereinafter referred to as the "Cabinet Secretary") and ..................... incorporated under the laws of Kenya and having established a place of business at .................. Kenya (hereinafter referred to as the "Contractor").WHEREAS the Government and the contractor have entered into a production sharing contract (referred to as the "Contract" which expression includes its successors and assigns), to which this Appendix is attached;WHEREAS the Government may decide to exercise its option under clause 41 of the Contract; andWHEREAS the Parties wish to set forth the terms and conditions under which the Government has agreed to participate in the upstream petroleum operations in each case such option is exercised;NOW, THEREFORE, the Parties agree as follows—

1.Interpretation

1.1.In this Participation Agreement, words in the singular include the plural and vice versa, and except where the context otherwise requires—"AFE" means an authorization for expenditure;"Government" includes an appointee as defined in the Contract;"joint account" means the accounts maintained by the operator to record all transactions related to operations in the participation area under this Participation Agreement;"joint property” means all property acquired and held for use in connection with operations under this Participation Agreement;"non-operator" means a party other than the operator;"operating committee" means the committee established by clause 4 hereof;"operator" means the party designated to conduct the upstream petroleum operations, pursuant to clause 3 hereof and its successors and assignees;"participating interest" means the respective undivided interest of each of the parties as it may exist at any given time in the participation area and under this Participation Agreement;"participation area” means a development area in which the Government elects to participate under the Contract;"participation dates" means the effective date of participation by the Government as defined in sub-clause 41(2) of the Contract;"participation work programme" means a programme of the upstream petroleum operations under this Participation Agreement;"parties" means, collectively, the Government and the entities constituting the contractor, their respective successors or assignees;"party" means anyone of the parties;"year" means calendar year.

1.2.Words not defined in this Participation Agreement but which are defined in the Contract have the meanings given to them in the Contract.

1.3In the event of any conflict between the Contract and this Participation Agreement, the Contract shall prevail and this Participation Agreement shall be deemed amended accordingly.

2.Participation Interests and Commencement

2.1.When and if the Government elects, pursuant to clause 41 of the contract, to participate in upstream petroleum operations in a participation area, each entity constituting the contractor shall assign proportionately to the Government a part of its interest in the development area so that the rights, interest and obligations of the contractor and the Government in such area shall be owned and borne as of the participation date in undivided interests as follows -Government: .......................... per cent (............%) or such lesser amount as may be elected in accordance with clause 41 of the Contract; andContractor: ..........................per cent (............%) or such greater amount as may remain after the Government's election.

2.2In the event a party shall transfer in whole or in part its participating interest pursuant to clause 47 of the Contract and clause 9 of this Participation Agreement, the participating interest of the parties therein shall be revised accordingly.

3.Operator and duties of the Operator

3.1The operator shall be the party acting as operator on the participation date and the operator shall have the rights and obligations of a non-operator in respect of its participating interest.

3.2The operator shall serve as operator until it resigns or is removed pursuant to the provisions of this clause, or until it ceases to hold a participating interest hereunder. In the event that an operator assigns the whole of its participating interest hereunder to one of its affiliates, such affiliate shall become operator hereunder in the former's place.

3.3Upon the affirmative vote of all the non-operators, the operator shall be removed as operator in case of any one of the following—

3.3.1.bankruptcy of the operator or its parent company;

3.3.2.assignment for the benefit of the operator's creditors;

3.3.3.appointment of a receiver or manager with respect to the whole or any part of the property or assets of the operator;

3.3.4.entitlement of any person other than an affiliate of the operator to appoint a majority of the members of the board of directors of the operator by reason of any act, default or neglect of the operator;

3.3.5.failure without justification by the operator to pay a sum due to or in the name of the joint account for more than sixty (60) days;

3.3.6.the operator's material breach of this Participation Agreement which remains without a remedy for more than thirty (30) days after the operator is notified by non-operators of such breach; or

3.3.7.reduction in the operator's participating interest to .................. per cent (....................%) or less.

3.4.An operator may at any time resign as operator by giving to the other parties notice in writing of such resignation. Such resignation shall be effective one hundred and eighty (180) days after the date of notice thereof or on the date on which a successor operator appointed by the parties (other than the operator) shall be ready and able to assume the obligations of operator in accordance with all the provisions of this Participation Agreement, whichever shall first occur.

3.5.Should an operator so resign or be removed, a successor operator shall immediately be appointed by the operating committee. A party having been removed as operator may not vote to succeed itself as operator. Such appointment shall be made by a vote of at least two (2) of the remaining parties holding not less than the percentage figure of the remaining participating interests set out in clause 4.6. For the purpose of this clause 3.5, operator includes any of its affiliates holding a participating interest in this Participation Agreement.

3.6.Removal or resignation of an operator shall not in any way affect its rights or obligations as a non-operator party to this Agreement. On the effective date of removal or resignation, the operator shall deliver to the successor operator any and all funds, equipment, materials, appurtenances, books, records, data, interpretations, information and rights acquired by and in the custody of the operator for the joint account of the parties (including available petroleum not delivered to the parties), shall, with the successor operator, prepare an inventory of joint property, adjusting the joint account accordingly, and shall co-operate as far as possible in effecting a smooth transfer of operating responsibilities.

3.7.An operator that is removed under Article 3.3.7 hereof may charge to the joint account all reasonable and necessary expenditure incurred in demobilizing and repatriating personnel and equipment.

3.8.The operator shall have control of the upstream petroleum operations in the participation area and shall have exclusive custody of all materials, equipment and other property acquired thereof, and shall perform the duties under this Participation Agreement diligently and in accordance with best petroleum industry practice, and sound and accepted engineering, management and accounting principles. The operator shall not be liable to any non-operator for any acts or omissions, claims, damages, losses or expenses, in connection with or arising out of this Participation Agreement or the contract or upstream petroleum operations save those caused by gross negligence or willful misconduct of the operator.

3.9.The operator shall—

3.9.1.consult with non-operators and advise them of all matters arising from the upstream petroleum operations;

3.9.2.comply with the decisions of the operating committee;

3.9.3.keep the participating interests and all property acquired or used free from liens, except for those authorized by clause 6 hereof; and

3.9.4.pay the costs of the upstream petroleum operations under this Participation Agreement promptly and make proper charges to non-operators.

3.10.The operator shall submit a copy of an AFE to the non-operators for each budget item of capital expenditure in the approved participation work programme and budget that costs more than U.S. dollars .................. (U.S.D. .................).Where it is necessary to complete an expenditure in a budget item in the approved participation work programme, the operator may exceed the budget for the budget item by the lesser of ten per cent (10%) thereof or U.S. dollars ...................(U.S.D. ..............) and shall report promptly such excess expenditure to the non-operators.The operator may spend not more than U.S. dollars............... (U.S.D. .............)on upstream petroleum operations in the participation area not included in an approved participation work programme, provided that such expenditure shall not be for items previously rejected by the operating committee. The operator shall report promptly that expenditure to the non-operators and, if it is approved in accordance with clause 4(6), the operator may make further expenditure thereon.or on other items not exceeding U.S. dollars ...................... (U.S.D...........) in that year.The limits in this subsection may be changed from time to time by the , operating committee.In the case of emergency, the operator may make such immediate expenditure and take such immediate action as may seem necessary for the protection of life or property or the prevention of pollution and such emergency expenditure shall be reported promptly to the parties by the operator.

3.11.A non-operator may inspect the participation area, the upstream petroleum operations, and the books, records and other information of the operator pertaining thereto.The operator shall supply to a non-operator by telephone, telefax email, registered post or courier, daily reports on drilling, and such other reports in writing normally provided by an operator to a non-operator in the international petroleum industry, including but not limited to reports on well tests and core analysis, and copies of drilling logs, well surveys and velocity surveys. The operator shall furnish any other information reasonably requested by non-operator, if such information is readily available.

3.12.The operator shall obtain and maintain all insurance required by law and such other insurance as the operating committee may from time to time determine, provided that, in respect of such other insurance, any party may elect not to participate provided such party gives notice to that effect to the operator. The cost of insurance in which all the parties are participating shall be for the joint account and the cost of insurance in which less than all the parties are participating shall be charges to such parties individually. The operator shall, in respect of any insurance—

3.12.1.promptly inform the parties participating therein when it is taken out and supply them with copies of the relevant policies when the same are issued;

3.12.2.arrange for the parties participating therein, according to their respective participating interests, to be named as co-insured's on the relevant policies with waivers of subrogation in favour of the parties; and

3.12.3.duly file all claims and take all necessary and proper steps to collect any proceeds and, if all the parties are participating therein, credit them to the joint account or, if less than all the parties are participating therein, credit them to the participating parties.

Subject as stipulated above, any of the parties may obtain such insurance as it deems advisable for its own account at its own expense providing such insurance is acceptable under the applicable law.If the operator is unable to obtain such other insurance required by the operating committee, it shall so advise the parties and thereafter, it shall be discharged of its obligation to obtain such insurance.The operator shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that all contractors (including sub-contractors) performing work in respect of the upstream petroleum operations and the joint property obtain and maintain all insurance required by the law and obtain from their insurers a waiver of subrogation in favour of the parties.

3.13.The operator may prosecute, defend and settle claims and litigations arising out of the upstream petroleum operations and may compromise or settle such claims or litigations which involve an amount not exceeding the equivalent of one hundred thousand U.S. dollars (US $100,000.00) without the approval of the operating committee. Any claim or litigation involving an amount in excess of the equivalent of one hundred thousand U.S. dollars (U.S. $100,000.00) shall be reported promptly to the non-operators and a non-operator shall have the right to be represented by its own counsel at its expense in the compromise, settlement or defense of such claims or litigation.

3.14.The operator shall fulfill the reporting obligations of the Contractor unless otherwise stipulated in this Participation Agreement and the Contract.

4.Operating Committee and Work Programmes

4.1The parties shall establish an operating committee to supervise and control the upstream petroleum operations. The operating committee shall consist of one representative appointed by each of the parties provided always that more than one of the parties may appoint the same representative who shall represent them separately.

4.1.1. Each party shall, as soon as possible after the date of this Participation Agreement, give notice to all the other parties of the name of its representative and of an alternate on the operating committee. Such representative may be replaced, from to time, by like notice. Representatives may bring to meetings of the operating committee such advisers as they consider necessary. The representative of a party or, in the absence of the representative, his alternate, shall be deemed authorized to represent and bind such party with respect to any matter which is within the powers of the operating committee. The representative of the party which is the operator shall be the Chairperson of the operating committee and shall report the proceedings.

4.2Except as otherwise provided in this Participation Agreement, the powers and duties of the operating committee shall include—

4.2.1.the consideration and determination of all matters relating to general policies, procedures and methods of operation hereunder;

4.2.2.the approval of any public announcement or statement regarding this Participation Agreement or the upstream petroleum operations;

4.2.3.the consideration, revision and approval or disapproval, of all proposed participation work programmes, budgets and AFE's prepared and submitted to it pursuant to the provisions of this Participation Agreement;

4.2.4.the determination of the timing and location of all wells drilled under this Participation Agreement and any change in the use or status of a well;

4.2.5.the determination of whether the operator will represent the parties regarding any matters or dealings with the Cabinet Secretary, any other governmental authorities or third parties in so far as the same relate to the upstream petroleum operations, provided that there is reserved to each party the unfettered right to deal with the Cabinet Secretary or any other governmental authorities in respect of matters relating to its own participating interest; and

4.2.6.the consideration and, if so required, the determination of any other matter relating to the upstream petroleum operations which may be referred to it by the parties or any of them or which is otherwise designated under this Participation Agreement for reference to it.

4.3The operator shall, when requested by a representative of any party, call a meeting of the operating committee. The operator may do so at any time to keep the parties informed on the upstream petroleum operations.

4.4A request to call a meeting of the operating committee shall state the purpose of that meeting and, except in an emergency, the operator shall give the parties at least fifteen (15) days' written notice with an agenda of the meeting, but where a meeting is called in an emergency, the operator shall give as much notice thereof as possible by telephone or email, and except with the consent of all the parties, the business of a meeting shall be only that for which it was called.

4.5The operator may, instead of calling a meeting, submit matters to the parties by written notice, upon which each party may vote within the period prescribed in the notice which shall not be less than three (3) days or more than fifteen (15) days from the date notice is received. Failure of a party to vote within the above time limits shall be deemed a negative vote.

4.6Each party shall have a voting interest equal to its participating interest. Unless otherwise provided in this Participation Agreement, all decisions of the operating committee shall be made by the affirmative vote of at least two (2) parties holding not less than ................... per cent (............%) of the participating interests.

4.7The operator shall, at least one hundred and twenty (120) days before the end of each year, submit to the parties for approval a participation work programme and budget, which shall contain details of the upstream petroleum operations to be carried out in the next year and allocation of funds therefor including administrative overheads and third party expenditure, in accordance with the accounting procedure attached to this Participation Agreement as exhibit "A".

4.8.Unless unanimously agreed at least sixty (60) days prior to the beginning of the year, the operator shall call a meeting of the operating committee to discuss and approve a participation work programme and budget for the ensuring year and such work programme and budget shall be approved not later than thirty (30) days prior to the commencement of such year and the decision of the operating committee shall bind the parties. Upon approval of such work programme and budget the operator is hereby authorized and obliged to proceed with it in accordance with such approval.

4.9Such approved participation work programme and budget may be reviewed and revised from time to time by the operating committee. Any party may in writing request a review of an approved participation work programme or budget, or of a project within a programme, if that project costs more than .................. U.S. dollars (U.S.D..................), and the request shall state the objections of the party, which shall be considered by the operating committee, who may amend the participation work programme or budget.

5.Costs and Expenses

5.1Except as otherwise specifically provided in the contract and this Participation Agreement, all cost and expenses incurred by the operator in the conduct of operations hereunder shall be borne by the parties in proportion to their respective participating interests set forth in clause 2.

5.2All costs and expenses incurred by the operator in the conduct of upstream petroleum operations hereunder shall be determined and settled in accordance with best internationally accepted accounting practice consistent with the provisions of the contract and its accounting procedure as complemented by the provisions of exhibit "A" to this Participation Agreement and the operator shall keep its records of costs and expenses in accordance therewith.

6.Payments to the Operator

6.1A non-operator shall pay its share of an expenditure relating to the petroleum operation, within fifteen (15) days of receipt of the account of the operator.

6.2The operator may, upon twenty (20) days' written notice, request a non-operator to advance a share of the estimated expenditure for the following month, stipulating the due date of payment, provided however that such due date of payment shall not be before the first banking day of that month and the operator shall include with such notice an estimate of the cash calls for the next ninety (90) days, Operator's estimate of expenditure shall not exceed the approved year's budget. The operator may, at any time upon fifteen (15) days' written notice, request additional advances to cover unforeseen expenditure.

6.3Cash requirements shall be specified by the operator in the currencies required for the upstream petroleum operations and the non-operators shall advance their shares in the currencies so specified.

6.4If any non-operator's advances for a given month exceed its share of cash disbursements for the same month, the next succeeding cash advance, after such determination, shall be reduced accordingly. However, non-operator(s) may request that excess advances be refunded. The operator shall make such refund within fifteen (15) days after date of such notice.

6.5Where a party is in default of payment, the operator and the non-defaulting parties shall have, as security for amounts due hereunder from a defaulting non-operator, a lien on the participating interest share, the interest in material and equipment acquired for the upstream petroleum operations and upon the proceeds from the sale of petroleum, of that non-operator, and a non-operator shall have for amounts due hereunder, a similar lien on the same interests and property of the operator.

6.6A lien may be exercised by a non-defaulting party by collecting the amount due from a purchaser of Petroleum and the statement of the operator of the amount due shall be proof thereof.

6.7A late payment shall attract at LIBOR plus three per cent (3%) or .................... per cent (.................. %), whichever is the greater, compounded monthly and calculated from the due date of payment. A payment not received within seventy-two (72) hours of the due date shall accrue interest from the due date and the non-paying party shall be deemed to be in default from the due date of the payment.

6.8A party which remains in default for five (5) days shall have no right to vote at any operating committee meeting held during the period of the default but shall be bound by all decisions of the operating committee made during such period, and the defaulting party's participating interest shall be deemed to be vested pro rata in the non-defaulting parties for voting purposes during the continuation of the default.

6.9Where a party fails to pay an amount required to be paid hereunder, and remains in default for ninety (90) days, the participating interest share of the defaulting party may be declared forfeit by the non-defaulting parties, unless the amount due is an advance and the defaulting party provides an irrevocable letter of credit or other security, acceptable to the operator, for the amount due.

6.10When the participating interest share of a defaulting party is declared forfeited, the operator shall give notice thereof to all the parties, and that share shall vest ratably, unless otherwise agreed, in the non-defaulting parties without payment of compensation and the defaulting party shall at its sole expense take all steps necessary to vest that share accordingly, and the defaulting party hereby appoints the operator to act as its advocate to execute any and all documents required to effect such transfer. Notwithstanding the transfer of a defaulting party's participating interest share in accordance with the foregoing, the defaulting party shall remain liable for its proportionate share of the commitments incurred before its rights lapsed.

6.11Where a party is in default of payment, the remaining parties shall advance the operator on demand a share of that payment, in proportion to the participating interests of those parties. Any payments received from a defaulting party shall be credited to the accounts of the non-defaulting parties who advanced funds on behalf of the defaulting party.

7.Materials and Equipment

7.1All materials and equipment acquired by the operator for upstream petroleum operations hereunder shall be owned by the parties in undivided shares in the proportion of their respective participating interests.

7.2Except as may be otherwise approved by the operating committee, the operator shall purchase for the joint account of the parties only such materials and equipment as are reasonably required in the conduct of operation provided for in approved participation work programmes or revisions thereof, the operator shall not stockpile materials or equipment for future use without the approval of the operating committee.

7.3Jointly acquired materials or equipment declared by the operator to be surplus shall be disposed of in such manner as the operating committee may direct; or, if the book value thereof does not exceed ............................ U.S. dollars (U.S.D. ..............................), the operator shall dispose of same in such manner as the operator shall deem appropriate; provided, however, that each Party may, if practicable, separately take or sell and dispose of its interest in such materials or equipment or may by notice in writing, and subject to revocation at will, authorize the operator, for a period or periods of not more than one (1) year each, to sell such materials and equipment for the account of the party or parties giving such authorization. Each party shall have the right to purchase, at the prevailing market price in the area, materials or equipment which the operator has declared to be surplus and which the operator intends to dispose of on the open market.

7.4Subject to the provisions of clause 13 of the Contract, upon termination of this Participation Agreement the operator shall salvage for the joint account all jointly-owned materials and equipment which can reasonably be salvaged, to be disposed of as provided in clause 7.3 hereof.

8.Relationship of the Parties and Tax Provisions

8.1.The parties declare that it is not their intention by entering into this Participation Agreement to create or be considered as a partnership or any other similar entity.

8.2Each party shall be responsible for and shall pay its own taxes to the Kenyan authorities on its operations hereunder, subject to the provisions of clause 39 of the Contract recognizing that a party hereunder may be subject to the laws of its place of incorporation in addition to the laws of Kenya.

9.Surrenders and Transfers

9.1Any party desiring that all of the participation area be surrendered voluntarily shall notify the other parties in writing accordingly, specifying its reasons therefor, and thereafter—

9.1.1.each party shall within thirty (30) days after receipt of the notice inform the other parties in like manner whether it concurs in or opposes the proposed surrender;

9.1.2.if all the parties concur in the proposed surrender, the participation area shall be surrendered as soon as possible under the Contract;

9.1.3.if one or more of the parties oppose the proposed surrender, the party or parties desiring to surrender shall, upon request by the opposing parties, transfer and convey without warranty of title-free and clear of all liens, charges and encumbrances and without right to compensation, all of its or their interest(s) in the participation area and material left thereon to said opposing party or parties, each in the proportion that its or their participating interest(s) hereunder bears to the sum of the participating interests of all the opposing parties, or as otherwise agreed by the opposing parties. The transferring party or parties shall bear—

9.1.3.1.its or their participating interest share(s) of costs, expenses and liabilities incurred hereunder which are attributable to the participation area for the period prior to the effective date of such transfer of interest;

9.1.3.2.its or their participating interest share(s) of all costs and expenses incurred by the operator after such date under any contracts entered into by the operator in execution of a participation work programme theretofore approved by the operating committee; and

9.1.3.3.its or their participating interest share(s) of any accrued obligations under the contract which are not included in (9.1.3.1) or (9.1.3.2) above, but shall thereafter have no further rights or other obligations in connection therewith; and

9.1.4.a transfer under clause 9.1.3 above shall be effective as among the parties thirty (30) days after the opposing parties' receipt of the transferring party's first mentioned notice proposing surrender. Thereafter until such transfer has received whatever approvals may be necessary under the provisions of the Contract or applicable law, the transferring party or parties shall hold at most legal, but not equitable, title to the interest(s) transferred for the benefit of the opposing party or parties. The transferring party or parties receiving the interest(s) transferred shall execute and deliver such documents and do such other acts as may be necessary to give legal effect to such transfer, to obtain all approvals thereof as may be required from the Cabinet Secretary, and otherwise to effectuate the purposes of this clause;

9.1.5.notwithstanding the foregoing, if the operating committee determines that ......................... per cent (.....................%) or more of the estimated, discovered and recoverable reserves under the participation area have been produced, no party shall be allowed to surrender or required transfer of interest in this Participation Agreement and the Contract without the unanimous consent of all parties.

9.2No transfer of any interest under this Participation Agreement and the Contract shall be made by any party otherwise than in respect of an undivided interest in all or part of its participating interest in this Participation Agreement and the Contract, and in accordance with the following provisions of this clause 9.

9.3If any party receives a bona fide offer for the purchase of all or a portion of an offeree party's participating interest in this Participation Agreement and the participation area which the offeree party is willing to accept, the offeree party shall give notice thereof in writing to the other parties—

9.3.1.such notice shall set forth the identity of the offer or, the terms and conditions (including monetary and other considerations) offered in good faith, and all other relevant particulars;

9.3.2.for a period of thirty (30) days next following the receipt of such notice, the other parties shall have an option to purchase the entire interest proposed to be sold on the same terms offered by the offer or, as set forth in the respective offer;

9.3.3.if more than one of the parties should exercise its right to purchase said interest, each shall have the right to acquire such interest in the proportion that the participating interest hereunder of such party bears to the sum of the participating interests of all the parties exercising such right except as they may otherwise agree;

9.3.4.if within such a period of thirty (30) days, none of the other parties shall exercise its rights to purchase said interest, the sale to said offer or may be made under the terms and conditions set forth in the notice given; provided that the sale shall be consummated within six (6) months from the date of such notice and that the sale and any transfer shall be in accordance with the Contract and applicable laws;

9.3.5.for the purposes of this paragraph, an offer to purchase shall also include an acceptance of an entity's offer to sell.

9.4The limitations of clause 9.3 shall not apply to a transfer of a participating interest by a party to an affiliate of such party or by the Government to an appointee, or from an appointee to another appointee, nor shall they apply to a transfer of a participating interest effected as a result of merger, consolidation, reorganization or sale of capital stock of the parent company of a party.

9.5Every transfer of a participating interest in the participation area shall be made expressly subject to this Participation Agreement and shall include a corresponding interest in jointly acquired equipment and facilities. No transfer of an interest hereunder shall be effective unless made by an instrument in writing duly executed by the parties thereto in accordance with applicable law, and until the same has received all consents required under this Participation Agreement and the Contract. A transfer shall provide that the transferor remains liable for obligations incurred before the date of transfer and such obligations shall in addition become the obligations of the transferee. Where, after the transfer, the transferee or transferor owns a participating interest of less than five per cent (5%), they shall be jointly represented.

9.6A transfer other than to an affiliate of an appointee shall be of sufficient financial standing to meet its participating interest share of its obligations under the Contract and this Participation Agreement. In the event of a transfer of a participating interest to an affiliate of a party the transferor party shall remain responsible for the full performance by the affiliate of the obligations undertaken by the said party under this Participation Agreement and the Contract, and if such affiliate ceases to be an affiliate, the participating interest shall be transferred back to the party.

9.7In this Article, transfer means a transfer, assignment, sale or other disposal of the interest of a party.

10.Disposal of Production10.1. Each party shall separately own, take in kind and dispose of its participating interest share of that portion of the petroleum produced and saved from the participation area to which the contractor is entitled under clause 38 of the Contract.10.2. Within six (6) months following the signing of this Participation Agreement, the parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Contract and in light of the gathering and transportation facilities available under the adopted development plan, in good faith establish a set of rules governing the scheduling, lifting and other necessary provisions for the crude oil off takes of the parties, consistent with best petroleum industry practice, which shall provide, among other things, such detailed terms and procedures as required for—10.2.1. short-term production forecasts;10.2.2. nominations and calculation of entitlements;10.2.3. scheduling of deliveries;10.2.4. lifting tolerances;10.2.5. underlift, overlift and make-up provisions;10.2.6. passage of title and risk;10.2.7. penalties assessable to the parties which cause shut-in or reductions of production; and10.2.8. other related matters.Whatever is mutually agreed by the parties shall be deemed to form part of this Participation Agreement. The above terms and procedures shall apply separately to each grade of crude oil that is segregated and separately stored for offtake.10.3. The contractor, if so directed by the Cabinet Secretary, shall be obligated to lift and market part or all of the Government's share of profit crude oil and/or profit natural gas. When the Cabinet Secretary elects not to take and receive in kind any part of the Government's share of profit crude oil and/or profit natural gas, the Cabinet Secretary shall notify the contractor ninety (90) days before the commencement of each half year, specifying the quantity of production and such notice shall be effective for the ensuing half year. Any sale by the contractor of the Government's share of profit crude oil and/or profit natural gas shall not be for a term of more than one (1) year without the Cabinet Secretary's consent.10.4. In the event of production of associated natural gas or of any discovery of natural gas, the parties shall agree upon appropriate procedures for disposal of any natural gas available under this Participation Agreement and the Contract.

11.Sole Risk Operations11.1. Any party may undertake upstream petroleum operations at sole risk (hereinafter referred to as "sole risk project") in a participation area, subject to the provisions of this Article.11.2. The following types of sole risk project may be proposed—11.2.1. the drilling of a well or the deepening, side-tracking, completing, plugging back, testing or reworking of an existing well drilled for the joint account of the parties, in order to test a formation in which no jointly-owned well has been completed as a well producing or capable of producing petroleum;11.2.2. the installation of production and transportation facilities.11.3. The conduct of a project in a development area may not be the subject of a sole risk notice under this clause until after it has been proposed in complete form to the operating committee for consideration pursuant to clause 4 hereof and has not been approved within the period therein provided. In the event that such project fails to obtain the requisite approval of the operating committee, then any party may serve notice on the other parties of its intention to carry out that project at sole risk. The other parties may give counter-notice that they wish to participate in the project within sixty (60) days after receipt thereof but, where a drilling rig is on the location and has not been released, the period is reduced to seventy-two (72) hours after receipt thereof. The periods set forth in this subsection shall be extended for any period of time mutually agreed by the parties as necessary or desirable for acquiring or developing additional information on the sole risk project.11.4. If all the other parties elect to participate in the project identified in the proposing party's notice within the period thereof provided, such project is considered as being approved by the operating committee and the provisions of clause 4.8 of this Participation Agreement shall apply.11.5. In the event that less than all the parties elect to participate in the project, the parties which elected to participate (hereinafter referred to as "sole risk parties") shall be entitled to have the sole risk project carried out. The interest of each sole risk party in a sole risk project shall be in proportion to its participating interest in this Participation Agreement, or in such other proportion as the sole risk parties may agree. Any sole risk project shall be carried out at the sole risk, cost and expense of the sole risk parties in the proportion of their respective interests.11.6. A sole risk project shall be carried out by the operator on behalf of the sole risk parties under the provisions of this participation agreement. No sole risk project may be commenced after one hundred and eighty (180) days following the expiration of the notice period prescribed in sub-clause 11.3, but the operator shall commence work as promptly as reasonably possible if the notice period of seventy-two (72) hours, set forth in sub-clause 11.3, applies. The operator shall complete the sole risk project with due diligence provided that it does not jeopardize, hinder or unreasonably interfere with upstream petroleum operations carried out under the Contract and adopted by the operating committee pursuant to clause 4 of this Participation Agreement. The sole risk parties may use for the sole risk project any production, handling, processing and/or transporting facilities which are joint property, subject to a determination by the operating committee as to usage fees, availability of capacity and production compatibility.11.7. In connection with any sole risk project—11.7.1. the sole risk project will be carried out under the overall supervision and control of the sole risk parties in lieu of the operating committee;11.7.2. the computation of costs and expenses of the sole risk project incurred by the sole risk parties shall be made in accordance with the principles set out in exhibit "A" attached hereto;11.7.3. the operator carrying out the sole risk project shall maintain separate books, records and accounts (including bank accounts) for the sole risk project which shall be subject to the same right of examination and audit by the sole risk parties;11.7.4. the costs and expenses of the sole risk project shall not be reflected in the statements and billings rendered by the operator for upstream petroleum operations under the Participation Agreement; and11.7.5. if the operator is carrying out a sole risk project on behalf of the sole risk parties, the operator shall be entitled to request the sole risk parties in connection with the sole risk project to advance their share of the estimated expenditure and shall not use joint account funds or be required to use its own funds for the purpose of paying the costs and expenses of the sole risk project; furthermore the operator shall not be obliged to commence or, having commenced, to continue the sole risk project unless and until relevant advances have been received from the sole risk parties.11.8. The sole risk parties shall indemnify and hold harmless the other parties against all actions, claims, demands and proceedings whatsoever brought by any third party arising out or in connection with the sole risk project and shall further indemnify the other parties against all damages, costs, losses and expenses whatsoever directly or indirectly caused to or incurred by them as a result of anything done or omitted to be done in the course of carrying out such sole risk project.11.9. Subject to the provisions of sub-clause 11.10 below, the sole risk project, including data and information, is wholly owned by the sole risk parties in accordance with the provisions of the Contract, but the sole risk parties shall keep the other parties informed about the project. In the event that such project results in an increase of production of petroleum from the participation area, the portion of such increase which is available to the contractor under the Contract shall be owned solely by the sole risk parties. Each of them shall have the right and obligation to take in kind, and separately dispose of its proportional share of supplementary petroleum production.11.10. Any party or parties which are not participating in the sole risk project may, by giving thirty (30) days' notice to the sole risk parties, become participants in such project, at any time after the sole risk parties have recovered from the supplementary petroleum production the following sums of money to which they are entitled on the project—In the case of a project under clause 11.2.1 hereof ......................... per cent (%) of the sole risk cost of such project, plus one hundred per cent (100%) of the cost of operating such well incurred by the sole risk parties:In the case of a project under clause 11.2.2 hereof ............................. per cent (%) of the sole risk cost of such project, plus one hundred percent (100%) of the cost of operating such facilities.The value of the supplementary production to which a sole risk party is entitled shall be the market value in sales at arm's length, determined in accordance with clause 35 of the Contract.From and after the election of any party or parties to become participants in such project, all relevant wells, facilities, equipment and other property appurtenant thereto shall be owned jointly by the participating parties and each of the participating parties shall be entitled to receive its proportional share of the supplementary petroleum production.

12.Confidentiality12.1. All information related to the upstream petroleum operations shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed to a person other than a party except to—12.1.1. an affiliate;12.1.2. the Government and other public authorities to the extent necessary for the purpose of any applicable law;12.1.3. a stock exchange to which a party is obliged to make disclosure;12.1.4. contractors, consultants, legal counsels or arbitrators of a party, where disclosure is essential;12.1.5. a bona fide prospective purchaser of an interest of a party in the Contract, but that purchaser shall undertake to treat that information as confidential;12.1.6. a lender, where disclosure is essential; or12.1.7. a person to whom disclosure has been agreed by the parties.12.2. A party making a disclosure to a person described in clause 12.1.5 or 12.1.6 shall give ten (10) days' written notice thereof to the other parties.12.3. The parties shall consult with each other prior to the release of any public statement or press release, and, except to the extent required by law, rule or regulation of any governmental authority or stock exchange, no party shall make any public statement or press release without the approval of all the other parties, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. The operator shall utilize its best efforts to co-ordinate all such public statements to the end that all parties may effect simultaneous press releases.12.4. The obligations of the parties under this clause 12 are continuing obligations and any party ceasing to be a party to this Agreement shall remain bound by this clause until this Agreement is no longer in force between any remaining parties and the Contract has expired.

13.Liability13.1. The parties shall be severally liable in accordance with their respective participating interests to third parties.13.2. Where the Government has nominated an appointee, as defined in the Contract, and the appointee defaults the Government shall be liable.13.3. If, because of the operation of the joint and several liability provisions contained in the Contract, anyone of the parties hereto shall be required to pay in full to the Government or any other party, any sum which, if the liability were several, would be required separately from each of the parties or from one other party only, then the party(ies) shall notify forthwith and request immediate payment of the party(ies) proportionate share according to its participating interest. If within ten (10) days from receipt of said notice, the other party(ies) shall fail to make payment as provided above such party(ies) shall be in default and the provisions of clause 6 above shall apply, this being without prejudice to any other legal remedies available to the non-defaulting party(ies) against the defaulting party(ies).

14.Governing Law14.1. This Participation Agreement shall be governed by and be construed in accordance with the laws of Kenya.

15.Arbitration15.1. A dispute under this Participation Agreement shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with clause 53 of the Contract.

16.Force Majeure16.1. In this clause 16, force majeure means an occurrence beyond the reasonable control of any of the parties which prevents any of them from performing their obligations under this Participation Agreement.16.2. Where a party is prevented from performing an obligation under this Participation Agreement by force majeure, that party shall give written notice to the other parties, and the obligation of the affected party shall be suspended for the period of the force majeure.16.3. The affected party shall promptly notify the other parties when the period of force majeure terminates.16.4. No party may claim force majeure as a reason for the failure to timely pay any monies pursuant to this Participation Agreement.16.5. Where any Party disputes the existence of force majeure, that dispute may be referred to arbitration as provided in clause 53 of the Contract.

17.Notices17.1. All notice and other communication under this Participation Agreement shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand, sent by registered post, certified post or fax to the following address of the other:

	Ministry of Energy and Petroleum
	To the Government
	FAO Hon Cabinet Secretary
	Kenyatta Avenue
	P. O. Box 30582-00100
	Nairobi, Kenya,
	Fax: +254-20-240910
	Email: cs @energymin.go.ke

To the Contractor:..............................................................................17.2. A notice shall be effective on receipt.17.3. Any notice, if sent by facsimile, shall be deemed received by the party to whom it was addressed on the first business day after the day upon which the facsimile was received. Any notice, if by personal delivery to any party, shall be deemed to be received by the addressee on the date of delivery, if that date is a business day, or otherwise, on the next business day following. In the event that a notice sent by facsimile includes a request for confirmation of the receipt thereof, such a confirmation shall be sent no later than one (1) business day after receipt of the notice. The contractor may at any time and from time to time change its authorized representative or its address herein on giving the Government ten (10) days notice in writing to such effect.

18.Term18.1. This Participation Agreement shall come into force on the participation date and shall remain in force until—18.1.1. it is terminated by the written consent of all the parties;18.1.2. all the Participating Interests are vested in one party; or18.1.3. the expiration or termination of the Contract.18.2. Before this Participation Agreement is terminated, there shall be a final accounting and settlement of the joint account.

19.Final Provisions19.1. Headings are inserted in this Participation Agreement for convenience only and shall not affect the construction for interpretation hereof.19.2. This Participation Agreement shall not be amended, modified or supplemented except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties.19.3. Subject to the provisions hereof, this Participation Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and assignees of the parties hereto and each of them respectively.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have signed this Participation Agreement on the day and year first above written.

EXHIBIT "A"

ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE

Attached to and made a part of the Participation Agreement.

SECTION I - GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Interpretation.1.2. Statements, billings and adjustments.1.3. Advances and payments.1.4. Audits.

SECTION II — CHARGEABLE COSTS, EXPENDITURE AND CREDITS

1. Section I - General Provisions

The purpose of this accounting procedure is to establish equitable methods for determining charges and credits applicable to operations under the Agreement.It is the intent of the parties that no party shall lose or profit by reason of its duties and responsibilities as either operator or as non-operator and that no duplicate charges to the joint account for the same work shall be made.The parties agree that if any procedure established herein proves unfair or inequitable to any party, the parties shall meet and in good faith endeavour to agree on the changes necessary to correct that unfairness or inequity.

1.1 Interpretation

1.1.1 In this Exhibit—(i) "the Agreement" means the Participation Agreement of which this Exhibit forms part;(ii) "the Contract" means the production sharing contract to which the Agreement is attached;(iii) words and expressions defined in the Agreement, the Contract and its appendices have the meanings therein ascribed to them.1.1.2 In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Agreement and this exhibit, the provisions of the Agreement shall prevail.1.1.3 By mutual agreement between the parties, this accounting procedure attached to the Agreement may be revised from time to time by an instrument in writing signed by the parties.

1.2 Statements, Billings and Adjustments

1.2.1 The operator shall maintain financial accounts and records necessary to record in reasonable details the transactions relating to upstream petroleum operations under the Agreement which shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted standards of the International Petroleum Industry. The operator shall upon request by a party furnish a description of its accounting classifications.1.2.2 Each party to the Agreement is responsible for preparing its own accounting and tax reports and paying of its own tax obligations to meet Kenyan requirements. The operator shall furnish the non-operator(s) with all reports, statements, billings and accounting documents necessary to maintain their own accounting records.1.2.3 The operator shall bill the non-operator(s) on or before the last day of each month for their proportionate share of expenditure for the preceding month. Such billings shall be accompanied by statements of all charges and credits to the joint account, summarized in reasonable detail by appropriate accounting classifications indicative of the nature thereof, except that items of controllable material and unusual charges and credits shall be detailed.1.2.4 The operator shall, upon request by non-operator(s), furnish a description of such accounting classifications.1.2.5 Amounts included in the billings shall be expressed in the currency in which the operator's records are maintained. In the conversion of currencies when accounting for advances or payments in different currencies as provided for in clause 1.3, or any other currency transactions affecting operations under the Agreement, it is the intent that none of the parties shall experience an exchange gain or loss at the expense of, or to the benefit of, the other parties. It is agreed that any loss or gain to the joint account resulting from the exchange of currency required for operations under the Agreement or from the translations required, shall be charged or credited to the joint account. The operator shall furnish the parties with a description of the procedure applied by the operator to accomplish said translation or exchange of currencies and provide currency exchange data sufficient to enable non-operator(s) to translate the billings to the currency of the non-operator(s) accounts.1.2.6 Payment of billings by non-operator(s) shall not prejudice the right of any non-operator(s) to protest or question the correctness thereof; however, all bills and statements rendered to non-operator(s) by the operator during any year shall conclusively be presumed to be true and correct after twenty-four (24) months following the end of any such year, unless within the said twenty-four (24) month period a non-operator takes written exception thereto and makes claim on the operator for adjustment. No adjustment favourable to the operator shall be made unless it is made within the same prescribed period. The provisions of this subsection shall not prevent adjustments resulting from a physical inventory of the joint property or from a third party claim.

1.3 Advances and Payments

1.3.1 If an operator so requests, non-operator(s) shall advance to the operator the non-operator(s)' share of estimated cash requirements for the succeeding month's operation in accordance with clause 6 of the Agreement. The operator shall make written request for the advance to non-operator(s) at least twenty (20) days prior to the first banking day of such succeeding month. The advance shall not be due and payable before the first banking day of the month for which the advance is requested. The request shall set out the funds in the currencies to be expended as estimated by the operator to be required. The non-operator(s) shall on or before the due date make corresponding advances in the currencies requested by depositing such funds to operator's account at a bank as may be from time to time designated by the operator.1.3.2 Should the operator be requested to pay any large sums of money for operations under the Agreement, which were unforeseen at the time of providing the non-operator(s) with said monthly estimates of its requirements, the operator may make a written request to the non-operator(s) for special advances covering the non-operators' share of such payments. Non-operator(s) shall advance to operator their share of such advances within fifteen (15) days after date of such notice.1.3.3 If non-operators' advances exceed their share of actual expenditure, the next succeeding cash advance, after such determination, shall be reduced accordingly. However, non-operator(s) may request that excess advances be refunded. The operator shall make such refund within fifteen (15) days after date of such notice.1.3.4 If non-operators' advances are less than their share of actual expenditure, the deficiency shall, at operator's option, be added to subsequent cash advance requirements or be paid by non-operator's within fifteen (15) days following operator's billing to non-operator(s) of such deficiency.1.3.5 If the operator does not request non-operator(s) as provided in clause 1.3.1, to advance their share of estimated cash requirements, non-operator(s) shall pay their share of actual expenditure within fifteen (15) days following date of operator's billing.1.3.6 Payments of advances or billings shall be made on or before the due date; and if not so paid, the unpaid balance shall be treated as provided under clause 6 of the Agreement.

1.4 Audits

1.4.1 A non-operator, upon at least thirty (30) days' advance written notice to the operator and other non-operator(s), shall have the right at its sole expenses to audit the joint account and related records for any year or portion thereof within the twenty-four (24) month period following the end of such year; however, the conducting of an audit shall not extend the time for the taking of written exception to and the adjustment of accounts as provided for in clause 1.2.5. The operator shall make every reasonable effort to co-operate with the non-operators, and the non-operators shall make every reasonable effort to conduct audits in a manner which shall result in minimum inconvenience to the operator.1.4.2 All adjustments resulting from an audit agreed between the operator and the non-operator conducting the audit shall be rectified promptly in the joint account by the operator and reported to the other non-operator. Any unresolved dispute arising in connection with an audit shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with clause 53 of the Contract.1.4.3 Except as otherwise provided in the Contract, the cost of any audit or verification of the joint account that is for the benefit of all parties shall be chargeable to the joint account if the parties mutually agree.

2. Section 2 — Chargeable Costs, Expenditure and Credits

The operator shall charge the joint account for all those costs and expenditure necessary to conduct upstream petroleum operations under the Agreement pursuant to the provisions of clauses 3.1 to 3.11 of appendix "B" to the contract.The operator shall credit the joint account for all the proceeds resulting from upstream petroleum operations under the Agreement pursuant to the provisions of clause 3.12 of appendix "B" to the Contract.

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History of this document

31 December 2022 this version

Revised by 24th Annual Supplement

29 March 2019

Published in Kenya Gazette 37

Read this version

28 March 2019

Commenced

12 March 2019

Assented to

Cited documents 2

Act 2

1.	Public Finance Management Act	723 citations
2.	Occupational Safety and Health Act	144 citations

Documents citing this one 35

Judgment 21

1.	Odando & another v Kenya Revenue Authority & 6 others; Law Society of Kenya (Interested Party) (Constitutional Petition E374 of 2021) [2023] KEHC 22375 (KLR) (Constitutional and Human Rights) (21 September 2023) (Judgment)	4 citations
2.	Commission for Human Rights and Justice v Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA) & another; Viji Filings Limited & 20 others (Interested Parties) (Petition E102 of 2024) [2024] KEHC 8624 (KLR) (Constitutional and Human Rights) (18 July 2024) (Ruling)
3.	Director of Public Prosecutions v Wambura; DCIO Lolgorian (Interested Party) (Criminal Revision E004 of 2023) [2023] KEHC 24933 (KLR) (7 November 2023) (Ruling) Cited
4.	Elfezouaty & another v Kenya Electricity Transmission (Tribunal Case E023 of 2022) [2022] KEET 792 (KLR) (Civ) (12 October 2022) (Ruling) Interpreted
5.	Excellent Logistics Limited v OXX Energy Limited & another (Tribunal Case E031 of 2022) [2024] KEET 396 (KLR) (26 March 2024) (Judgment)
6.	Greenpark Management Limited v Superior Homes (Kenya) PLC & 3 others (Tribunal Case E018 of 2023) [2024] KEET 1 (KLR) (4 January 2024) (Ruling)
7.	Jennt Africa Limited v Commissioner Domestic Taxes (Tax Appeal 1196 of 2022) [2024] KETAT 29 (KLR) (26 January 2024) (Judgment)
8.	Kamau v Republic (Criminal Appeal E106 of 2023) [2025] KEHC 1577 (KLR) (24 February 2025) (Judgment)
9.	Kenya Revenue Authority v Ndegwa (Civil Appeal 65 of 2019) [2025] KECA 510 (KLR) (21 March 2025) (Judgment)
10.	Kerongo & another v Kisii County Government & 6 others (Environment & Land Petition E001 of 2023) [2024] KEELC 5463 (KLR) (23 July 2024) (Ruling)

Gazette 9

1.	Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXII-No. 242
2.	Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXIII-No. 187
3.	Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXIII-No. 75
4.	Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXIV-No. 282
5.	Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXIV-No. 37
6.	Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXV-No. 2
7.	Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXV-No. 59
8.	Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXVI-No. 8
9.	Kenya Gazette Vol. CXXVII-No. 53

Act 2

1.	Income Tax Act	841 citations
2.	Value Added Tax Act	520 citations

Bench Bulletin 2

1.	Bench Bulletin - Issue 46
2.	Bench Bulletin - Issue 59

Legal Notice 1

1.	The Income Tax Act-Exemption

Subsidiary legislation

Title
The Petroleum (Importation) Regulations, 2023	Legal Notice 3 of 2023
The Petroleum (Pricing) Regulations	Legal Notice 192 of 2022
The Petroleum (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) Regulations	Legal Notice 100 of 2019
The Petroleum (Exploration and Production) (Training Fund) Regulations, 2006	Legal Notice 132 of 2006
The Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Regulations, 1984	Legal Notice 193 of 1984

Petroleum Act

Cap. 308

Petroleum Act

Related documents

LAWS OF KENYA

PETROLEUM ACT

CAP. 308

Part I – PRELIMINARY

1. Short title

2. Interpretation

3. Scope of the Act

4. Act to prevail

Part II – NATIONAL PETROLEUM POLICY AND PLAN

5. National petroleum policy

6. National petroleum strategic plan

7. Monitoring implementation of national petroleum strategic plan

8. Conduct of petroleum operations

9. Promotion of petroleum investments

Part III – PETROLEUM INSTITUTIONS

10. Functions of the Cabinet Secretary

11. Directions by the Cabinet Secretary

12. Establishment of the National Upstream Petroleum Advisory Committee

13. Function of the Advisory Committee

Part IV – UPSTREAM PETROLEUM RIGHTS AND MANAGEMENT OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES

14. Property in Petroleum

15. Constitution of blocks

16. Licensing

17. Financial and technical obligations of the contractor

18. Negotiation, award and execution of petroleum agreements

19. Express rights and obligations in petroleum agreements

20. Submission of joint operating agreements

21. Operator

22. Application for non-exclusive exploration permit

23. Grant of non-exclusive exploration permit

24. Operational permits

25. Security for compliance and suspension or termination of petroleum agreement

26. Transfer of interest in petroleum agreement

27. Report of discovery of petroleum

28. Notification prior to abandonment

29. Surrender of blocks

30. Development

31. Ratification by Parliament

32. Petroleum production

33. Variations or alterations in field development plan

34. Natural gas

35. Restriction on removal of petroleum and samples

36. Unitization

37. Third party access to infrastructure

38. Segmentation

39. Petroleum field decommissioning plan

40. Decommissioning funds

41. Notification of termination and decommissioning

42. Disposal of decommissioned facilities

43. Removal of property by the contractor

44. Liability for damages for disposal of decommissioned facility

Part V – INFORMATION AND REPORTING

45. Reporting requirement

46. Disclosure of information

47. Contractor to furnish information

48. False information

49. Information required by Authority

Part VI – LOCAL CONTENT AND TRAINING

50. Local content requirements

51. Monitoring and enforcement of local content

52. Training and Training Fund

Part VII – PAYMENTS AND REVENUES

53. Contractor to comply with financial and fiscal obligations in agreement

54. Annual fees

55. Signature bonus

56. Payment terms

57. Petroleum revenue

58. Sharing of petroleum resource

Part VIII – ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY

59. Environmental compliance

60. Waste management

61. Maintenance of property

62. Venting and flaring of oil and natural gas

63. Reporting of accidents and incidents

64. Standardization

65. Safety