Republic v Abduba Guyo Wada [2015] eKLR


REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA

AT MOMBASA

CRIMINAL CASE NO. 7 OF 2013

            REPUBLIC.....…....................................................….. PROSECUTOR

VERSUS

        ABDUBA GUYO WADA    .……........................................…ACCUSED

JUDGMENT

       ABDUBA GUYO WADA hereinafter referred to as the Accused faces a charge of murder contrary to section 203 as read with section 204 of the Penal Code.

       The particulars being that:-

“On the 29th day of January,  2013 at Kisauni Dog Section Police Quarters within  Coast Province murdered MILGA ABDULAHI”.

       The prosecution in this case called nine (9) Witnesses in support of their case.

       The defence called one.

Brief facts

       The Deceased (a 23 year old lady) was at  the time of her death a police Constable attached at Makupa police station and was staying at Kisauni Dog Section police lines (Quarters).

       The Accused (her suitor) was working previously as a chef in a Hotel going by the name and style of Holiday Inn Hotel – Juba Southern Sudan, but had returned back to  the country  for medication.

       The two were desirous of getting married and their  intentions had been made known and revealed to the Deceased parents and in  particular  her mother (PW 1).

       Like in most relationships, theirs did not lack in misunderstandings largely hinged on financial problems and infidelity.

       In  his sworn testimony the Accused told the Court that on the 29th day of January, 2013 he was in the Deceased room at Kisauni dog section.She arrived at around 7:30 p.m. and informed him that she wanted to discuss about their wedding preparations. She complained of being economically challenged as she had taken a loan and her payslip showed Ksh. 2,000/= only, which was insufficient to make ends meet.  She  threatened to get  funds from another boyfriend.

      They  had a quarell and the Deceased picked a knife  and cut the Accused.  Thereafter  the Accused proceeded to Nyali police station to report the matter which was booked in OB 68 of the same day. He was placed in a police vehicle for purposes  of going to Kisauni Dog Section but on the way  while near Kengeleni lights, the OCS said that they had talked with police officers at Dog Section and there was no need to proceed to the scene.

       He was taken to his  his sisters place where he spent the night and the following day he decided to go back to Southern Sudan.  His phone battery went low. Upon arrival at Nairobi, he got information that he was being sought for by police.  He  decided to go to Isiolo where he surrendered  to police. He was  taken to Mombasa where it was alleged that  he had murdered his girlfriend.

       In his statement under inquiry which was produced as prosecution exhibit No. 4, the Accused states to have called by phone the mother of the Deceased after he had quarrelled with her daughter. He further stated that the Deceased grabbed him by the neck and he  pushed her upon which she fell on the seat. That she woke up from the seat and threatened to set the house on fire by switching on cooking gas.  That he got a small burn on the right hand.   That the Deceased picked up a knife and cut him twice on the hand. He pushed her again and she fell on the seat. She threatened to commit suicide. He hurriedly, left the house and went  to  Nyali police station where he reported the incident which was booked as OB 68 of 29th January, 2013. That an attempt was made by police to take him back to the scene but after consultation with Kisauni Dog Section it was confirmed that all was well and it was agreed that he be dropped at his sisters place in Nyali.  The following morning he packed his belongings  and proceeded to Nairobi where he received information that  his girlfriend was found dead in her house and he was a suspect. He got scared and he decided to go to his  rural home at Isiolo. He further stated that before  leaving Mombasa he had  received a call from one Somali police officer stationed at Nyali  police station, cautioning him about the report he made at the station. He denied having killed his girlfriend.

       Dr. Ngali  Mbuko  PW 7 is a consultant pathologist. He performed an autopsy on the body of the Deceased. Blood was oozing from the nostrils and the mouth. There were  nail scratch marks on either side of the neck.  On the Respiratory system, there was frothy blood in the airways.

       She was in her menses – sanitary pad found in Situ.

       He formed the opinion that cause of death was consistent with asphyxia due to manual strangulation.

       PW 9 Mr. Shadrack Juma  superintendent of police was the investigating officer in this case.  A report was made to him of the murder of police woman based at Makupa police station. They proceeded to the scene of the crime which was at Kisauni Dog Section at the living quarters of the Deceased. She was staying together with the Accused who left the house on 29th January, 2013 and Mombasa the following morning.

       Police used safaricom to trace him through  his phone. He switched off his phone at Mwembe Tayari the morning of 30th January, 2013.  He arrived late in  Nairobi the same day. He later surrendered himself at Isiolo police station and was arrested by inspector Ndungu and later escorted back to Kisauni police station  where he recorded a statement under inquiry.

       In this case no Witness saw the Accused inflict the fatal blows on the Deceased.

       What is before the Court is circumstantial evidence.

      In the Court of Appeal case of James Mwangi -Vs- Republic KLR 1983.  It was held,

“In a case depending on circumstantial evidence, in order to justify the inference of guilt, the incriminating facts must be in compatible with the innocence of the Accused, the guilt of any other person  and incapable of explanation upon any other reasonable hypothesis than that  of guilt.

  1. In order to draw the inference of the accused's guilt from circumstantial evidence, there must be no other co-existing circumstances which would weaken or destroy the inference …..”.

State of mind of the Accused

       The Accused does not deny that on the 29th January, 2013 he  did quarrel with the Deceased. He does not deny the fact that he reported their differences that day to the  Deceased  mother by  way of  a phone call.

       The Deceased mother (PW 1) did testify  to have been called by the Accused who was saying that if he was not   allowed to marry the Deceased he would kill himself.

       Her daughter (the Deceased) had told her  that she was in the company  of her lover and he was  threatening to kill her.

The case  for the defence:

        In his defence, the Accused while admitting that he  had quarrelled with the Deceased maintains that she is the one  who assaulted him by way of cutting and wounding him by the use of a knife and he reported this fact to the police who instead of  going to arrest her decided to drop him at his sisters house at Nyali and he decided to go to Nairobi the following day.

       In his statement under inquiry exhibit No.4, he contends that its the Deceased  who grabbed  him by the neck and he pushed  her and she fell on the seat.  She picked a knife and cut him twice on the  hand.  He pushed her and she  fell on the seat and he dashed out to report the matter to police.

Evaluation and analysis

       The Accused did testify to have quarreled with the Deceased at around 8:30 p.m. of the fateful night.

       The post mortem report form (exhibit No. 1) indicates that the body was found at the scene on 30th January, 2013 at 10:30 a.m. Its apparent that the Doctor was not requested to find and ascertain the time of  death.

       The  OB extract which was produced as exhibit No. 5  does not indicate the time the Accused went to report that he had been assaulted. It only indicates the time of the alleged assault.

       The events between the report at the Nyali police station  and the recovery of the body of the Deceased the following morning are a bit  blurred and suspicious.

       Suspicious in the fact that a report of  Assault was  made at the police station. The advice that could have been readily given to the Accused  would be that a P3 form would be issued  to him and he should go for medical attention. Instead, he was  put in a police van and they headed to dog section Kisauni ostensibly to effect an arrest adduced.  According to the evidence adduced by the Accused in his defence, the officers communicated with those at  Kisauni  dog section who confirmed that all was well and they returned to Nyali and he was  dropped at his  sisters place.

       What was that confirmation  for if the intention was to go and arrest the Deceased?

       Secondly, who is this officer who had embarked  on the journey to Kisauni and decided  to return on the way before accomplishing  his mission and who is it that confirmed that all was well.

       If the intention by the police officers was to go and  gather more evidence on the assault case and arrest the Deceased, then that quest could not have been solved by communicating with other officers but by direct communication  with the Deceased herself.

       Its instructive to note that the Accused had been staying with the Deceased, after reporting that he had been assaulted, the next obvious thing would have been to return  to his girlfriend but he instead  proceeded to his relatives place at  Nyali  to spend the rest of the night and early in the morning took the next bus  to Nairobi and to his  rural home in Isiolo.

       If he was the one who was assaulted as per his  allegations the reasonable thing to do was to pursue his case with the police or to go back to the Deceased and reconcile with her.  Failure  to return to his  girlfriends house after the alleged assault and his  conscious efforts to distance himself from the scene as far as possible cannot be interpreted in any other way or manner but the act of a man consumed with guilt.

       The Accused escape from the scene and running to hide in Isiolo  is an incriminating fact which is incompatible with his innocence.

       He quarreled that night with  the Deceased and a  scuffle ensued and the following  morning  she was found  dead as a result of strangulation. The theory advanced that any of her former boyfriends could have murdered  her  does not  hold much water. There was nothing to show that they bore a grudge against her and that they had been seen inside the police quarters. The evidence against the Accused  irresistibly points to his  guilt.

       The Deceased had informed her mother that fateful  night that her lover was threatening to kill her.  That lover was the Accused.  He had the opportunity  to commit  the act as the two were staying in the same house.

       Section 206 of the Penal Code defines malice aforethought thus,

       “Malice aforethought shall be deemed to be established by evidence proving any one or more of the following circumstances -

        (a)  An  intention to cause the death of or to   grievous harm to any person, whether that person is the person actually killed or not.

        (b)  Knowledge that the act or omission causing  death will probably cause the death of or grievous harm to some person,  whether that person is the person actually killed or not, although  such knowledge is accompanied by indifference whether  death or grievous  harm is caused or not, or by a wish that  it may  not be caused.

        (c)  Intent  to commit a felony

        (d)  ….............”.

       In the present case the Accused had the intention to cause death of the Deceased. He told her so and she relayed this information to her mother.

       The act of strangulation in itself points  to an intention to cause  death or grievous  harm  to a person.

       I am satisfied that  the prosecution has proved this  case beyond  reasonable  doubt. I find  the Accused  guilty of the offence of murder  contrary to section 203 as read with section 204 of the Penal Code and Convict him accordingly under section 322 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

       Judgment delivered dated and signed this 1st day of October, 2015.

…..................

M.  MUYA

JUDGE

1ST OCTOBER, 2015

In the presence of:-

Learned Counsel  for the Accused Mr. Magolo

Mr. Masila for prosecution

Court clerk Musundi

M.  MUYA – JUDGE

Court:

Bond canceled. Mitigation  tomorrow and further  orders.

….....................

M.  MUYA

JUDGE

1ST OCTOBER, 2015

2/10/2015

Before Hon. Justice M. Muya

Court Assistant  Musundi

Masila for the State

Magolo  for the Accused

Mitigation:

On behalf of the Accused person. We pray for Courts leniency. The Accused  is 34 years old.  He is the bread winner of the entire family. He has six sibling. He  has a young  wife with two children. He is the sole bread winner. The Accused is remorseful. 

       He regrets the incidence. He has reflected and relieved the incident. He is a very traumatized person.  The  deceased  died in his hands. We pray that the Court bears his consideration. The  Accused is  reformed and rehabilitated while on bond.  He faithfully attended Court.  He hails from a border community. He could have escaped. Any Sentence is intended to help in rehabilitation faced with this situation.  What does the Court to do. The legislature has given the Court wide discretion.

       Its  now trite law that there nothing like mandatory  sentence. The discretion of the Court cannot be filtered. We are  therefore asking the Court to use its discretion. The future of the siblings and two  children should not be destroyed.

       Criminal Appeal No. 239 of 206 Harrison Mutisya Munene –Vs-  Republic. The appellants had been sentenced  to death an appeal was  filed. The Court confirmed  that the Conviction was  wrong but it referred it to  High Court that the appellant be given an opportunity to mitigate.

Court:

Mention on  5th October, 2015 for further mitigation and Sentencing.

…....................

M. MUYA

JUDGE

5TH OCTOBER, 2015

5th October, 2015

Before Muya – Judge

Masila for the prosecution

Magolo  for the defence

Court Assistant Musundi

Court:     Mention at 10:00 a.m.

Mr. Magolo:

I have gone thorough the case of  Joseph Ngotho Mutiso and that of  Joseph Njuguna at page 7.  Death Sentence is lawful but the Court held that death Sentence is discretionary. A person  Convicted  of any offence  can be  placed on probation.

       The appellant ought to be treated with leniency.

 We pray that the Court does consider that while Sentencing the Accused. This is the  third day. We have been in this Court doing mitigation.

 Thats all.

….................

M.  MUYA

JUDGE

5TH OCTOBER, 2015

 

REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA

AT MOMBASA

CRIMINAL CASE NO. 7 OF 2013

            REPUBLIC.....…....................................................….. PROSECUTOR

VERSUS

        ABDUBA GUYYO WADA    .……......................................…ACCUSED

SENTENCING NOTES

       This Court has  taken into consideration the mitigation by the  Accused through his  able Counsel Mr. Magolo. Its noted that he is a young man aged  thirty four (34) years. He has six siblings and a young wife with  two children. He is  said  to be remorseful and regrets  what  transpired on that fateful day. That  he has been reformed and rehabilitated while out on bond.  Further that he  has been attending Court  without fail.

       Counsel has maintained that  its now trite law that death Sentence is not mandatory and the Court has  discretion which is  unfettered. Counsel has  relied in Court of Appeal decision CRA  No. 239 of 2006.  Harrison Mutisya  Mwema & Another – Vs – Republic. In that appeal the Judges noted,

       As for Subsentence the Superior  Court simply imposed the death Sentence as by law mandated “without receiving any mitigation from the appellants or any antecedents from the  State.  This Court has stated  before that such mode of Sentencing is  wrong in law as is deprives, the convicted person of an opportunity to have his Sentence reconsidered for commutation or pardon under section 332 of the Criminal Procedure Code.Further more, as recently as July, 2010, this Court in the case of Godfrey Ngotho Mutiso –Vs- Republic Criminal Appeal No. 17 of 2008 emphatically stated that there was nothing mandatory  about the death Sentence.

       As regards section 204 of the Penal Code.  That Court stated section 204 of the Penal Code which provides for  a mandatory death Sentence is antithetical to the Constitutional provisions on protection against inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment and fair trial.  We note that while the Constitution itself  recognizes the death penalty as being lawful, it does  not say anywhere that when a Conviction for murder is recorded, only the death  Sentence shall be imposed. We declare that section 204 shall, to the extent that it provides that the death personalty is the only Sentence in respect of the crime of murder  is inconsistent with the letter and spirit of the Constitution, which  as we have said, makes no such mandatory  provision.

       The issue of mandatory  death  Sentence  was revisited in the same Court of Appeal but this time around  consisting of a five Judge bench in the case of Joseph Njuguna Mwaura &  Others -Vs- Republic Criminal Appeal No. 5 of 2008.

       The Judges observed,

“We hold that  the decision in Godfrey  - Vs- Republic  to be per incuriam in so far as it purports to grant discretion in Sentencing with regard to capital offences. Our reading of the law shows that the offences of murder contrary to Section 203 as read with section 204  of the Penal Code, treason contrary to section 40 of the Penal Code, robbery with violence contrary to section 296(2) of the Penal Code  ….. carry the mandatory Sentence of death”.

       Should Kenyans decided that it is  time  to remove the death Sentence from our statute books  then they shall do so through their  representativeness in parliament. In  the meantime, the Sentence of death shall continue to be  imposed in case of Conviction where the law provides.

       This Court is bound by the latter decision unless a contrary finding is made by the Supreme Court.

       I am not aware  so far of such a decision. The Accused is to suffer death as per law provided.

…..................

M.  MUYA

JUDGE

5TH OCTOBER, 2015.

 

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