Mwangi & another v Murutani Teachers Sacco (Tribunal Case E942 of 2024) [2025] KEBPRT 351 (KLR) (17 July 2025) (Judgment)

Mwangi & another v Murutani Teachers Sacco (Tribunal Case E942 of 2024) [2025] KEBPRT 351 (KLR) (17 July 2025) (Judgment)

1.This is a Judgement on the reference dated 28/8/2024. The Tenant is seeking to have this tribunal investigate the matter and determine the issues involved. The reference is anchored on Section 6 of the Landlord and Tenant (Shops, Hotels and Catering Establishments) Act Cap.301) hereinafter referred to as “the Act”.
2.There has been before this court BPRT case no. E148 of 2024 between the same parties and over the same subject matter. The case was decided by way of Judgement delivered on the 6/6/2024 in which this court made the following holding:-i.That the Tenant shall be allowed quiet possession of the demised premises unless otherwise disturbed in strict compliance with the Act.ii.Prior to the reference dated 28/8/2024, the Tenant had filed another reference dated 27/8/2024. The same is anchored on Section 12(4) of the Act. It is actually a complaint. In it the Tenant grieved that:-I have heavily invested in the aforesaid suit premises and it would be unfair for the landlord to evict me without considering the fact that I have been a loyal tenant and solely depends on the suit premises income to cater for my basic needs and additionally he has not issued me with business tribunal termination notice that gives me room to oppose landlord’s termination notice”.
3.The termination notice complained about is dated 24/6/2024. The same was issued barely 20 days after the judgement in BPRT Case No. E148 of 2024. In the said judgement dated 6/6/2024, the landlord was never exempted from the operation of section 9(3) of the Act.
4.The section states that:-Where a Tribunal has made a determination upon a reference, no further tenancy notice shall be given in respect of the premises concerned, which is based on any of the matters effected by the determination-a.In the case of an assessment of rent until after the expiration of two years, orb.In any other case, until after the expiration of twelve months after the date of the determination, unless the Tribunal, at the time of the determination, specifies some shorter period”.
5.Therefore, without the court making an order for exemption from compliance with Section 9(3) it then follows that the Landlord could not issue a notice of termination before the 6/6/2025. By that reason, the notice of termination dated 24/6/2024 fails and with it, the Tenant’s references dated 27/8/2024 and 28/8/2024 succeeds.
6.Over and above the fatality of the notice of termination dated 24/6/2024 on technicality, we doubt that the same even if issued within the statutory timelines, that it could have been in compliance with the law.
7.Section 4(2) of the Act provides that:-A Landlord who wishes to terminate a controlled tenancy, or to alter to the detriment of the tenant any term or condition in, or right or service enjoyed by the Tenant under such a tenancy, shall give notice in that behalf to the Tenant in the prescribed form”.
8.The required prescribed form is provided for under Regulation 4 of the Regulations to the Act. It provides that:-a notice under Section 4(2) of the Act by a landlord shall be in Form A in the schedule to these Regulations.We are not convinced that the letter dated 24/6/2024 was a notice in the prescribed form”.
9.On the other hand, Section 4(4) of the Act provides that:-No tenancy notice shall take effect until such date, not being less than two months after the receipt thereof by the receiving party, as shall be specified therein”.
10.In our view, the month that counted in the notice was the month of July 2024, only. It was the only complete month as envisaged by the Act. The effective date of the notice should therefore have been 1st September, 2024 for the landlord to have complied with Section 4(2) of the Act and Regulation 4(1) of the Regulations to the Act.
11.Section 3(1) of the interpretation and general provisions Act Cap 2 of the Laws of Kenya defines a month as “means a calendar month”.On the other hand order 50 Rule (1) of the Civil Procedure Rules provides that:-Where by these Rules or by any judgement or order given or made, time for doing any act or taking any proceedings is limited by months, and where the word “month” occurs in any document which is part of any legal procedure under these Rules, such time shall be computed by calendar months unless otherwise expressed”.
12.The Black’s Law Dictionary defines a month as:-Either a calendar month or a solar month, depending on the context. A calendar month is one of the twelve months of the year as defined in the Gregorian calendar, while a solar month is one Twelfth of the time it takes the sun to pass through the Zodiac”.
13.The termination notice dated 24/6/2024 did not comply with Section 4(4) of the Act and was therefore of no effect to the Tenancy herein.
14.Cap. 301 is a special legislation which calls for complete compliance with its provision so any short coming from the expected compliance may not be accommodated in any way. The need for such compliance has been emphasized in many superior court’s decisions.
15.The leading one being the case of Manaver N. Alibhai T/a Diani Boutique v South Coast Fitness and Sports Centre, civil Appeal No.203 of 1994 where it was held that:-The Act lays down clearly and in detail the procedure for the termination of a controlled tenancy. Section 4(1) of the Act states in very clear language that a controlled Tenancy shall not terminate or be terminated and no term or condition in, or right or service enjoyed by the Tenant of, any such tenancy shall be altered, otherwise than in accordance with the specified provisions of the Act. These provisions include the giving of a notice in the prescribed form. The notice shall not take effect earlier than two months from the date of receipt thereof by the Tenant. The notice must also specify the ground upon which termination is sought. The prescribed notice in Form A also requires the landlord to ask the Tenant to notify him in writing whether or not the Tenant agrees to comply with the notice”.
16.Therefore and though this Tribunal should be seen to promote and encourage enterprise, sadly the law must at the back of the mind be always in complete and strict Application. We would therefore allow the Tenants references both dated 27/8/2024 and 28/8/2024 respectively.
17.On costs, we follow the conventional wisdom of Section 27 of the Civil Procedure Act and award costs to the Tenant who is the successful party.
18.In the final analysis, the orders that commend to us are the following:-i.That the Tenants references dated the 27/8/2024 and 28/8/2024 are allowed in terms that the Tenant shall be allowed complete quiet possession of the demised premises known as “carwash at the Backyard” and situate on plot No. 11/87.ii.That the Tenant is awarded costs assessed at Kshs.20,000/- to be offset from the rent payable.iii.That the landlord is at liberty to issue a fresh termination notice within 30 days of the date hereof if it so wishes.Those are the orders of the court.
JUDGEMENT DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED VIRTUALLY AT MOMBASA THIS 17TH DAY OF JULY 2025.HON. NDEGWA WAHOME MBS, - PANEL CHAIRPERSONHON. JOYCE MURIGI, - MEMBER,BUSINESS PREMSIES RENT TRIBUNAL (BPRT)Ruling delivered in the presence of Mr. Kiwinga Counsel for the Landlord and Mr. Peter Irungu Mwangi the 1st Applicant in person.HON. NDEGWA WAHOME MBS, - PANEL CHAIRPERSONHON. JOYCE MURIGI, - MEMBER,BUSINESS PREMSIES RENT TRIBUNAL (BPRT)
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